(meteorobs) Geminids
Bruce McCurdy
bmccurdy at shaw.ca
Sat Dec 13 13:31:58 EST 2014
Hoping for a Geminid session in central Alberta tonight. Forecast is for
clearing (for a change). I was clouded out of Orionids, Taurids, and Leonids
this year, so it will be a refreshing change. As of now, three of us
planning to head out in the later evening, hopefully get at least an hour
before moonrise & then another hour or two thereafter.
Bruce
*****
-----Original Message-----
From: meteorobs-bounces at meteorobs.org
[mailto:meteorobs-bounces at meteorobs.org] On Behalf Of jarnac
Sent: Saturday, December 13, 2014 10:23 AM
To: meteorobs at meteorobs.org
Subject: Re: (meteorobs) GEminids
Here in Arizona we alsochave rain today, but maybe tomorrow night the sky
will clear, or even tonioght.
And, best wishes top everyone on the list for a happy holiday and a
happy and prosperous 2015.
David H. Levy
At 08:10 PM 12/12/2014, you wrote:
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>Today's Topics:
>
> 1. Fw: Embers from a Rock Comet: The 2014 Geminid Meteor Shower
> (Ed Majden)
> 2. Meteor Activity Outlook for December 13-19, 2014 (Robert Lunsford)
> 3. Re: Meteor Activity Outlook for December 13-19, 2014
> (skywayinc at aol.com)
>
>
>----------------------------------------------------------------------
>
>Message: 1
>Date: Fri, 12 Dec 2014 14:53:31 -0800
>From: "Ed Majden" <epmajden at shaw.ca>
>Subject: (meteorobs) Fw: Embers from a Rock Comet: The 2014 Geminid
> Meteor Shower
>To: "Meteor science and meteor observing" <meteorobs at meteorobs.org>
>Message-ID: <871E1C8AF6FF4343964EEE988A8C3B6D at adminrzh85okq1>
>Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1"
>
>Subject: Fw: Embers from a Rock Comet: The 2014 Geminid Meteor Shower
>
>
>My all-sky camera is too busy recording rain drops and not meteors! :-(
>Much of this area near our rivers is flooded. We also have a boil
>water advisory. Merry Christmas to All, and Happy Holidays to the
>ones that don't celibrate this Christian Holiday. Each to his own,
>as others should not be left out.
>Ed
>Courtenay B.C.
>Canada
>
>
>----- Original Message -----
>From: NASA Science News
>To: NASA Science News
>Sent: Friday, December 12, 2014 1:48 PM
>Subject: Embers from a Rock Comet: The 2014 Geminid Meteor Shower
>
>
>NASA Science News for Dec. 12, 2014
>Earth is passing through a stream of debris from "rock comet" 3200
>Phaethon, source of the annual Geminid meteor shower. Forecasters
>expect as many as 120 meteors per hour when the shower peaks on Dec. 13-14.
>
>FULL STORY:
>http://science.nasa.gov/science-news/science-at-nasa/2014/12dec_embers/
>
>SCIENCECAST VIDEO:
>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sT3D6t8VT-k&feature=youtu.be
>
>You are currently subscribed to snglist as: epmajden at shaw.ca
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>------------------------------
>
>Message: 2
>Date: Fri, 12 Dec 2014 15:17:40 -0800
>From: Robert Lunsford <lunro.imo.usa at cox.net>
>Subject: (meteorobs) Meteor Activity Outlook for December 13-19, 2014
>To: Meteor science and meteor observing <meteorobs at meteorobs.org>
>Message-ID: <20141212181740.ZEI7C.339860.imail at fed1rmwml208>
>Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8
>
>During this period the moon reaches its full phase on Sunday
>December 14th. At this time the moon rises near midnight local
>standard time (LST) and will remain in the sky the remainder of the
>night. Viewing conditions improve with each passing night as the
>moon wanes and rises later each morning. The estimated total hourly
>meteor rates for evening observers this week is near 4 as seen from
>the northern hemisphere (45N) and 3 as seen from southern tropical
>latitudes (25S). For morning observers the estimated total hourly
>rates should be near 65 as seen from the northern hemisphere and 30
>as seen from below the equator. The actual rates will also depend on
>factors such as personal light and motion perception, local weather
>conditions, alertness and experience in watching meteor activity.
>Note that the hourly rates listed below are estimates as viewed from
>dark sky sites away from urban light sources. Observers viewing from
>urban areas will see less activity as only the brightes
> t meteors will be visible from such locations. Morning rates are
> reduced during this period due to the bright moon.
>
>The radiant (the area of the sky where meteors appear to shoot from)
>positions and rates listed below are exact for Saturday night/Sunday
>morning December 13/14. These positions do not change greatly day to
>day so the listed coordinates may be used during this entire period.
>Most star atlases (available at science stores and planetariums)
>will provide maps with grid lines of the celestial coordinates so
>that you may find out exactly where these positions are located in
>the sky. A planisphere or computer planetarium program is also
>useful in showing the sky at any time of night on any date of the
>year. Activity from each radiant is best seen when it is positioned
>highest in the sky, either due north or south along the meridian,
>depending on your latitude. It must be remembered that meteor
>activity is rarely seen at the radiant position. Rather they shoot
>outwards from the radiant so it is best to center your field of view
>so that the radiant lies at the edge and not the center
> . Viewing there will allow you to easily trace the path of each
> meteor back to the radiant (if it is a shower member) or in another
> direction if it is a sporadic. Meteor activity is not seen from
> radiants that are located below the horizon. The positions below
> are listed in a west to east manner in order of right ascension
> (celestial longitude). The positions listed first are located
> further west therefore are accessible earlier in the night while
> those listed further down the list rise later in the night.
>
>These sources of meteoric activity are expected to be active this week.
>
>Now that the activity from particles produced by comet 2P/Encke has
>ceased encountering the Earth, the Taurid showers for 2014 are over
>and we resume reporting activity from the Anthelion (ANT) radiant.
>This is not a true radiant but rather activity caused by the Earth's
>motion through space. As the Earth revolves around the sun it
>encounters particles orbiting in a prograde motion that are
>approaching their perihelion point. They all appear to be radiating
>from an area near the opposition point of the sun, hence the name
>Anti-helion. These were once recorded as separate showers throughout
>the year but it is now suggested to bin them into their category
>separate from true showers and sporadics. This radiant is a very
>large oval some thirty degrees wide by fifteen degrees high.
>Activity from this radiant can appear from more than one
>constellation. The position listed here is for the center of the
>radiant which is currently located at 06:20 (095) +23. This position
>lies in wes
> tern Gemini, 5 degrees west of the third magnitude star known as
> Mebsuta (Epsilon Geminorum). Anthelion activity may also appear
> from eastern Taurus, northeastern Orion, or southern Auriga. This
> radiant is best placed near midnight LST when it lies on the
> meridian and is highest in the sky. Rates at this time should be
> near 2 per hour as seen from the northern hemisphere and 1 per hour
> from south of the equator. With an entry velocity of 30 km/sec.,
> the average Anthelion meteor would be of slow velocity.
>
>The Monocerotids (MON) are active from November 27th through
>December 17th. Peak activity occurred on December 9th so current
>rates should be near 1 per hour no matter your location. The radiant
>is located at 07:00 (105) +07. This position lies in eastern
>Monoceros, 10 degrees west of the zero magnitude star Procyon (Alpha
>Canis Minoris). The Monocerotids are best seen near 0100 LST when
>the radiant lies highest above the horizon. At 41 km/sec. the
>Monocerotids produce mostly meteors of medium velocity.
>
>The Geminids (GEM) will peak on Saturday evening/Sunday morning
>December 13/14 from a radiant located at 07:37 (113.3) +32. This
>position is located very close to the bright 2nd magnitude star
>known as Castor (Alpha Geminorum). Expected maximum rates depend on
>your location and sky transparency. The half-illuminated moon will
>also compromise rates seen after midnight. Midnight rates should be
>near 20 per hour for urban observers. Those viewing from suburbs
>should see 30 Geminids per hour near midnight. Rural observers
>should be treated to at least 50 Geminids per hour. These rates
>should hold from midnight through 2am before falling as the radiant
>sets and the moonlight intensifies. Geminid activity can be seen
>from the southern hemisphere but at much reduced rate. As seen from
>south of the equator, Geminid activity could only be seen for a few
>hours before and after 0200 LST. Rates will fall drastically with
>each passing night no more will be seen after the 17th. At 34 km
> /sec. the Geminids produce mostly meteors of medium velocity.
>
>The Sigma Hydrids (HYD) are active from November 24 through December
>21, with maximum activity occurring on December 6. The radiant is
>currently located at 08:40 (130) +01 , which places it in western
>Hydra, 2 degrees south of the 4th magnitude star known as Sigma
>Hydrae. These meteors are best seen near 0400 LST when the radiant
>lies highest above the horizon. Current rates should be near 2 per
>hour no matter your location. With an entry velocity of 61 km/sec.,
>most activity from this radiant would be of swift speed.
>
>The Eta Hydrids (EHY) were recently discovered by members of of the
>Croatian Meteor Network. This radiant is active from December 10-18
>with maximum activity occurring on December 12. The radiant is
>currently located at 09:00 (135) +02 , which places it in western
>Hydra, 2 degrees west of the 4th magnitude star known as Theta
>Hydrae. This position is close to the Sigma Hydrids so care must be
>taken to separate the two sources. These meteors are best seen near
>0400 LST when the radiant lies highest above the horizon. Current
>rates should be less than 1 per hour no matter your location. With
>an entry velocity of 63 km/sec., most activity from this radiant
>would be of swift speed.
>
>The December Leonis Minorids (DLM) are active from December 6th
>through January 18th. The radiant is currently located at 10:25
>(156) +33. This position lies in central Leo Minor, approximately 10
>degrees northeast of the third magnitude star Zeta Leonis. These
>meteors are best seen near 0500 LST when the radiant lies highest
>above the horizon. This shower peaks on December 21st so current
>rates would be near 2 per hour as seen from the northern hemisphere
>and 1 per hour as seen from south of the equator. At 63 km/sec. the
>December Leonis Minorids produce mostly swift meteors.
>
>The last of the Psi Ursa Majorids (PSU) will be seen this week from
>a radiant located at 12:00 (180) +39. This position lies in a remote
>area of southeastern Ursa Major, 15 degrees south of the 2nd
>magnitude star known as Phecda (Gamma Ursae Majoris). This area of
>the sky is best placed during the last hour before dawn, when it
>lies highest above the horizon in a dark sky. Current rates would
>most likely be less than one per hour no matter your location. At
>61km/sec., the average Psi Ursa Majorid meteor would be swift.
>
>The December Chi Virginids (XVI) were discovered by members of
>SonotaCo based on video observations obtained in 2007 and 2008. This
>radiant is active from December 8-24 with maximum activity occurring
>on the 17th. The radiant is currently located at 12:43 (191) -10.
>This area of the sky is located in southern Virgo, 10 degrees west
>of the bright, 1st magnitude star known as Spica (Alpha Virginis).
>Rates would most likely be less than 1 per hour no matter your
>location. At 69km/sec., the average December Chi Virginid meteor
>would be swift.
>
>The December Sigma Virginids (DSV) were discovered by John Greaves
>using data from SonotoCo. This radiant is active from December 6-31
>with maximum occurring on the 24th. The current radiant location is
>13:04 (196) +06, which places it in central Virgo, 5 degrees south
>of the third magnitude star Vindemiatrix (Epsilon Virginis). These
>meteors are best seen during the last dark hour before dawn, when
>the radiant lies highest above the horizon in a dark sky. At 68
>km/sec. the December Sigma Virginids would produce mostly swift meteors.
>
>Activity from the Ursids (URS) should begin to appear during the
>late-week period from a radiant located at 13:58 (210) +76. This
>position lies in eastern Ursa Minor, fifteen degrees east of the
>second magnitude star Kochab (Beta Ursa Minoris). It must be
>remembered that the length of degrees are smaller in high
>declinations so the radiant is actually closer to this star than
>these figures imply. These meteors are best seen during the last
>dark hour before dawn, when the radiant lies highest above the
>horizon in a dark sky. This shower is not well seen from the
>southern hemisphere. Maximum activity is not expected until Monday
>December 22th, so current hourly rates this week would probably be
>less than one. On the morning of maximum, hourly rates of between
>5-10 Ursids may be seen. At 30 km/sec. the Ursids produce mostly
>medium-slow meteors.
>
>As seen from the mid-northern hemisphere (45N) one would expect to
>see approximately 8 sporadic meteors per hour during the last hour
>before dawn as seen from rural observing sites. Evening rates would
>be near 3 per hour. As seen from the tropical southern latitudes
>(25S), morning rates would be near 5 per hour as seen from rural
>observing sites and 2 per hour during the evening hours. Locations
>between these two extremes would see activity between the listed
>figures. Morning rates are reduced during this period due to moonlight.
>
>Anthelion (ANT) - 06:20 (095) +23 Velocity - 30km/sec.
>Northern Hemisphere - 2 per hr. Southern Hemisphere - 1 per hr.
>
>Monocerotids (MON) - 07:00 (105) +07 Velocity - 41km/sec.
>Northern Hemisphere - 1 per hr. Southern Hemisphere - 1 per hr.
>
>Geminids (GEM) - 07:37 (113) +32 Velocity - 34km/sec.
>Northern Hemisphere - 50 per hr. Southern Hemisphere - 20 per hr.
>
>Sigma Hydrids (HYD) -08:40 (130) +01 Velocity - 61km/sec.
>Northern Hemisphere - 2 per hr. Southern Hemisphere - 2 per hr.
>
>Eta Hydrids (EHY) - 09:00 (135) +02 Velocity - 63km/sec.
>Northern Hemisphere - <1 per hr. Southern Hemisphere - <1 per hr
>
>Dec. Leonis Minorids (DLM) - 10:25 (156) +33 Velocity - 63km/sec.
>Northern Hemisphere - 2 per hr. Southern Hemisphere - 1 per hr.
>
>Psi Ursa Majorids (PSU) - 12:00 (180) +39 Velocity - 61km/sec.
>Northern Hemisphere - <1 per hr. Southern Hemisphere - <1 per hr.
>
>Dec. Chi Virginids (XVI) - 12:43 (191) -10 Velocity - 69km/sec.
>Northern Hemisphere - <1 per hr. Southern Hemisphere - <1 per hr
>
>Dec. Sigma Virginids (DSV) - 13:04 (196) +06 Velocity - 68km/sec.
>Northern Hemisphere - <1 per hr. Southern Hemisphere - <1 per hr
>
>Ursids (URS) - 13:58 (210) +76 Velocity - 30km/sec.
>Northern Hemisphere - <1 per hr. Southern Hemisphere - <1 per hr
>
>Clear Skies!
>Robert Lunsford
>American Meteor Society
>
>
>
>
>------------------------------
>
>Message: 3
>Date: Fri, 12 Dec 2014 22:10:17 -0500
>From: skywayinc at aol.com
>Subject: Re: (meteorobs) Meteor Activity Outlook for December 13-19,
> 2014
>To: meteorobs at meteorobs.org
>Message-ID: <8D1E49974705FEF-2BC4-475BE at webmail-va101.sysops.aol.com>
>Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
>
>
>
>
>During this period the moon reaches its full phase on Sunday December 14th.
>Hmmmm . . . methinks you're about 90-degrees off on the moon's phase, Bob.
>
>-- joe rao
>
>
>-----Original Message-----
>From: Robert Lunsford <lunro.imo.usa at cox.net>
>To: Meteor science and meteor observing <meteorobs at meteorobs.org>
>Sent: Fri, Dec 12, 2014 6:17 pm
>Subject: (meteorobs) Meteor Activity Outlook for December 13-19, 2014
>
>
>During this period the moon reaches its full phase on Sunday
>December 14th. At
>this time the moon rises near midnight local standard time (LST) and
>will remain
>in the sky the remainder of the night. Viewing conditions improve with each
>passing night as the moon wanes and rises later each morning. The estimated
>total hourly meteor rates for evening observers this week is near 4
>as seen from
>the northern hemisphere (45N) and 3 as seen from southern tropical
latitudes
>(25S). For morning observers the estimated total hourly rates should
>be near 65
>as seen from the northern hemisphere and 30 as seen from below the
>equator. The
>actual rates will also depend on factors such as personal light and motion
>perception, local weather conditions, alertness and experience in watching
>meteor activity. Note that the hourly rates listed below are
>estimates as viewed
>from dark sky sites away from urban light sources. Observers viewing
>from urban
>areas will see less activity as only the brightes
> t meteors will be visible from such locations. Morning rates are
> reduced during
>this period due to the bright moon.
>
>The radiant (the area of the sky where meteors appear to shoot from)
>positions
>and rates listed below are exact for Saturday night/Sunday morning December
>13/14. These positions do not change greatly day to day so the listed
>coordinates may be used during this entire period. Most star atlases
>(available
>at science stores and planetariums) will provide maps with grid lines of
the
>celestial coordinates so that you may find out exactly where these
>positions are
>located in the sky. A planisphere or computer planetarium program is
>also useful
>in showing the sky at any time of night on any date of the year.
>Activity from
>each radiant is best seen when it is positioned highest in the sky,
>either due
>north or south along the meridian, depending on your latitude. It must be
>remembered that meteor activity is rarely seen at the radiant
>position. Rather
>they shoot outwards from the radiant so it is best to center your
>field of view
>so that the radiant lies at the edge and not the center
> . Viewing there will allow you to easily trace the path of each
> meteor back to
>the radiant (if it is a shower member) or in another direction if it is a
>sporadic. Meteor activity is not seen from radiants that are located
>below the
>horizon. The positions below are listed in a west to east manner in order
of
>right ascension (celestial longitude). The positions listed first are
located
>further west therefore are accessible earlier in the night while those
listed
>further down the list rise later in the night.
>
>These sources of meteoric activity are expected to be active this week.
>
>Now that the activity from particles produced by comet 2P/Encke has ceased
>encountering the Earth, the Taurid showers for 2014 are over and we resume
>reporting activity from the Anthelion (ANT) radiant. This is not a
>true radiant
>but rather activity caused by the Earth's motion through space. As the
Earth
>revolves around the sun it encounters particles orbiting in a prograde
motion
>that are approaching their perihelion point. They all appear to be
radiating
>from an area near the opposition point of the sun, hence the name
>Anti-helion.
>These were once recorded as separate showers throughout the year but
>it is now
>suggested to bin them into their category separate from true showers and
>sporadics. This radiant is a very large oval some thirty degrees
>wide by fifteen
>degrees high. Activity from this radiant can appear from more than one
>constellation. The position listed here is for the center of the
>radiant which
>is currently located at 06:20 (095) +23. This position lies in wes
> tern Gemini, 5 degrees west of the third magnitude star known as Mebsuta
>(Epsilon Geminorum). Anthelion activity may also appear from eastern
Taurus,
>northeastern Orion, or southern Auriga. This radiant is best placed near
>midnight LST when it lies on the meridian and is highest in the sky. Rates
at
>this time should be near 2 per hour as seen from the northern
>hemisphere and 1
>per hour from south of the equator. With an entry velocity of 30 km/sec.,
the
>average Anthelion meteor would be of slow velocity.
>
>The Monocerotids (MON) are active from November 27th through
>December 17th. Peak
>activity occurred on December 9th so current rates should be near 1
>per hour no
>matter your location. The radiant is located at 07:00 (105) +07.
>This position
>lies in eastern Monoceros, 10 degrees west of the zero magnitude star
Procyon
>(Alpha Canis Minoris). The Monocerotids are best seen near 0100 LST when
the
>radiant lies highest above the horizon. At 41 km/sec. the
>Monocerotids produce
>mostly meteors of medium velocity.
>
>The Geminids (GEM) will peak on Saturday evening/Sunday morning
>December 13/14
>from a radiant located at 07:37 (113.3) +32. This position is
>located very close
>to the bright 2nd magnitude star known as Castor (Alpha Geminorum).
Expected
>maximum rates depend on your location and sky transparency. The
>half-illuminated
>moon will also compromise rates seen after midnight. Midnight rates should
be
>near 20 per hour for urban observers. Those viewing from suburbs
>should see 30
>Geminids per hour near midnight. Rural observers should be treated
>to at least
>50 Geminids per hour. These rates should hold from midnight through
>2am before
>falling as the radiant sets and the moonlight
>intensifies. Geminid activity
>can be seen from the southern hemisphere but at much reduced rate.
>As seen from
>south of the equator, Geminid activity could only be seen for a few
>hours before
>and after 0200 LST. Rates will fall drastically with each passing
>night no more
>will be seen after the 17th. At 34 km
> /sec. the Geminids produce mostly meteors of medium velocity.
>
>The Sigma Hydrids (HYD) are active from November 24 through December 21,
with
>maximum activity occurring on December 6. The radiant is currently located
at
>08:40 (130) +01 , which places it in western Hydra, 2 degrees south
>of the 4th
>magnitude star known as Sigma Hydrae. These meteors are best seen
>near 0400 LST
>when the radiant lies highest above the horizon. Current rates
>should be near 2
>per hour no matter your location. With an entry velocity of 61 km/sec.,
most
>activity from this radiant would be of swift speed.
>
>The Eta Hydrids (EHY) were recently discovered by members of of the
Croatian
>Meteor Network. This radiant is active from December 10-18 with
>maximum activity
>occurring on December 12. The radiant is currently located at 09:00
>(135) +02 ,
>which places it in western Hydra, 2 degrees west of the 4th
>magnitude star known
>as Theta Hydrae. This position is close to the Sigma Hydrids so care must
be
>taken to separate the two sources. These meteors are best seen near 0400
LST
>when the radiant lies highest above the horizon. Current rates should be
less
>than 1 per hour no matter your location. With an entry velocity of
>63 km/sec.,
>most activity from this radiant would be of swift speed.
>
>The December Leonis Minorids (DLM) are active from December 6th
>through January
>18th. The radiant is currently located at 10:25 (156) +33. This
>position lies in
>central Leo Minor, approximately 10 degrees northeast of the third
magnitude
>star Zeta Leonis. These meteors are best seen near 0500 LST when the
radiant
>lies highest above the horizon. This shower peaks on December 21st so
current
>rates would be near 2 per hour as seen from the northern hemisphere and 1
per
>hour as seen from south of the equator. At 63 km/sec. the December Leonis
>Minorids produce mostly swift meteors.
>
>The last of the Psi Ursa Majorids (PSU) will be seen this week from a
radiant
>located at 12:00 (180) +39. This position lies in a remote area of
>southeastern
>Ursa Major, 15 degrees south of the 2nd magnitude star known as Phecda
(Gamma
>Ursae Majoris). This area of the sky is best placed during the last
>hour before
>dawn, when it lies highest above the horizon in a dark sky. Current
>rates would
>most likely be less than one per hour no matter your location. At
>61km/sec., the
>average Psi Ursa Majorid meteor would be swift.
>
>The December Chi Virginids (XVI) were discovered by members of
>SonotaCo based on
>video observations obtained in 2007 and 2008. This radiant is active from
>December 8-24 with maximum activity occurring on the 17th. The radiant is
>currently located at 12:43 (191) -10. This area of the sky is located in
>southern Virgo, 10 degrees west of the bright, 1st magnitude star
>known as Spica
>(Alpha Virginis). Rates would most likely be less than 1 per hour no
>matter your
>location. At 69km/sec., the average December Chi Virginid meteor
>would be swift.
>
>The December Sigma Virginids (DSV) were discovered by John Greaves using
data
>from SonotoCo. This radiant is active from December 6-31 with
>maximum occurring
>on the 24th. The current radiant location is 13:04 (196) +06, which
>places it in
>central Virgo, 5 degrees south of the third magnitude star
>Vindemiatrix (Epsilon
>Virginis). These meteors are best seen during the last dark hour before
dawn,
>when the radiant lies highest above the horizon in a dark sky. At 68
>km/sec. the
>December Sigma Virginids would produce mostly swift meteors.
>
>Activity from the Ursids (URS) should begin to appear during the late-week
>period from a radiant located at 13:58 (210) +76. This position lies
>in eastern
>Ursa Minor, fifteen degrees east of the second magnitude star Kochab
>(Beta Ursa
>Minoris). It must be remembered that the length of degrees are
>smaller in high
>declinations so the radiant is actually closer to this star than
>these figures
>imply. These meteors are best seen during the last dark hour before
>dawn, when
>the radiant lies highest above the horizon in a dark sky. This shower is
not
>well seen from the southern hemisphere. Maximum activity is not
>expected until
>Monday December 22th, so current hourly rates this week would
>probably be less
>than one. On the morning of maximum, hourly rates of between 5-10
>Ursids may be
>seen. At 30 km/sec. the Ursids produce mostly medium-slow meteors.
>
>As seen from the mid-northern hemisphere (45N) one would expect to see
>approximately 8 sporadic meteors per hour during the last hour before dawn
as
>seen from rural observing sites. Evening rates would be near 3 per
>hour. As seen
>from the tropical southern latitudes (25S), morning rates would be near 5
per
>hour as seen from rural observing sites and 2 per hour during the
>evening hours.
>Locations between these two extremes would see activity between the listed
>figures. Morning rates are reduced during this period due to moonlight.
>
>Anthelion (ANT) - 06:20 (095) +23 Velocity - 30km/sec.
>Northern Hemisphere - 2 per hr. Southern Hemisphere - 1 per hr.
>
>Monocerotids (MON) - 07:00 (105) +07 Velocity - 41km/sec.
>Northern Hemisphere - 1 per hr. Southern Hemisphere - 1 per hr.
>
>Geminids (GEM) - 07:37 (113) +32 Velocity - 34km/sec.
>Northern Hemisphere - 50 per hr. Southern Hemisphere - 20 per hr.
>
>Sigma Hydrids (HYD) -08:40 (130) +01 Velocity - 61km/sec.
>Northern Hemisphere - 2 per hr. Southern Hemisphere - 2 per hr.
>
>Eta Hydrids (EHY) - 09:00 (135) +02 Velocity - 63km/sec.
>Northern Hemisphere - <1 per hr. Southern Hemisphere - <1 per hr
>
>Dec. Leonis Minorids (DLM) - 10:25 (156) +33 Velocity - 63km/sec.
>Northern Hemisphere - 2 per hr. Southern Hemisphere - 1 per hr.
>
>Psi Ursa Majorids (PSU) - 12:00 (180) +39 Velocity - 61km/sec.
>Northern Hemisphere - <1 per hr. Southern Hemisphere - <1 per hr.
>
>Dec. Chi Virginids (XVI) - 12:43 (191) -10 Velocity - 69km/sec.
>Northern Hemisphere - <1 per hr. Southern Hemisphere - <1 per hr
>
>Dec. Sigma Virginids (DSV) - 13:04 (196) +06 Velocity - 68km/sec.
>Northern Hemisphere - <1 per hr. Southern Hemisphere - <1 per hr
>
>Ursids (URS) - 13:58 (210) +76 Velocity - 30km/sec.
>Northern Hemisphere - <1 per hr. Southern Hemisphere - <1 per hr
>
>Clear Skies!
>Robert Lunsford
>American Meteor Society
>
>
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>End of meteorobs Digest, Vol 43, Issue 12
>*****************************************
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