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(meteorobs) Radio Meteor Obs. Bull. Oct 1998 Draconids



Radio Meteor Observation Bulletin No. 63                   November 1998


1. FORWARD SCATTER METEOR OBSERVATIONS

Observer:  Enric Fraile Algeciras
Location:  Paseo Bonanova, 8 BARCELONA  (02 07'E, 41 24' N)
Frequency: 48.24715 MHz.
Transmitter Location:  still working to identify, possibly South German C2,
           100 kW, horizontal polarisation)

Antenna:   6-element Yagi 617-6B, 14 dBd gain.
           astronomical azimuth 215 deg (=NE), elevation 0 deg.
Antenna:   Six element Yagi 617-6B, 14 dBi gain, horizontal polariz.
           Azimuth 200 deg (NE), elevation 20 deg
Receiver:  home made converter 20 dB gain, 1 dB noise and Kenwood TS-830S.
           10 dB attenuator in the receiver to reduce direct reception
Sensitivity: 0.25 uV for 10 dB S/N
Observing method: the audio signal of the video carrier is received using
           a narrow CW filter (500 Hz) and fed into the PC in real time.
Data sampling system: using a super 14 bits A/D card to PC/XT
           and "Data Capture" software with 1 second/18 sampling interval
           to store all the > 0.5 s reflections.

     |  Oct 1998
  UT |  23  24  25  26   27   28  29   30   31
 ----+----------------------------------------
   0 |      46  23  16   21   25  22   24    5
   1 |      31  42  24   24   18  10   16   14
   2 |      27  35  10   13   27  28   14   24
   3 |      57  35  24   13   22  15   17   21
   4 |      33  35  18    9   16  12   13   17
   5 |      30  40  25   11   14  19   23   17
   6 |      38  39  24   11   14  13   16   22
   7 |      21  16  29   38   13  21   20   13
   8 |      24  10  32   22   15  27   17   28
   9 |      36  24  21   16   22  19   21    8
  10 |      13      14   17   12  10   14   12
  11 |      27       9    8   10  16   10    7
  12 |       9  17   3   19   12   5    7   17
  13 |      20  13   5    7        5   11
  14 |      13  15  15   19    7   6   12
  15 |       6  29   5    7   12   4    8
  16 |      12       5   10    3  11   11
  17 |       8   9   7    5    9  12    4
  18 |       6   8  10   16   11       10
  19 |   2  13  17  11   13   17
  20 |  28  14  19  25   21   22  30
  21 |  26  14  30  22   16   19  26   14
  22 |  16  23  44  25   21   13  20   21
  23 |  28  14  31  39   15   13  21   27
 ----+----------------------------------------
     |  Oct 1998

Notes:
 . the new location is in the University Ramon llull LA SALLE Enginyeria
   Arquitectura is ready and I have the collaboration of the Communications
   Department to improve the system.
   Now the radio-city (Barcelona) noise is terrible about 35 dB more than
   my old location! Also I'm very near to Barcelona TV1 C4.
   I tried to receive the C2 in Torrespana (48.25020 MHz) but I have poor
   reflections and time to time  receive the signal by Ionospheric Scatter.


      Enric Fraile Algeciras

---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Observer: Michael Boschat
Location: Halifax, Canada (63 36'W, 44 39'N, 58 meters above sea level)
Listening Frequency: 83.25 MHz
Receiver: Icom R-10
Antenna : resonant dipole
Antenna Direction: Horizontally polarized with lobes in E-W plane, elev 0 deg
Filter  : high-Q (Q at least 300) bandpass filter between antenna & receiver.
Listening Mode: AM
Recording method: listening by ear

                            October 1998

           Number of meteors heard in one hour interval

      | UT
  Oct | 10h 11  12  13  14  15  16  17  18  19  20
  ----+-------------------------------------------
    1 |  -   -   1   1   2   -   -   -   -   -   -
    2 |  -   9   2   3   2   -   -   -   -   -   -
    3 |  -   -   -   -   -   -   -   -   -   -   -
    4 |  -   -   -   -   -   -   -   -   -   -   5
    5 |  -   -   -   -   -   -   -   -   -   -   -
    6 |  -  10   9  11  37  35   -   -   -   -   -
    7 |  -   -   -   -   -   -   -   -   -   -   -
    8 |  -   -   -   -   -   -   -   -   -   -   -
    9 |  -   -   -   -   -   -   -   -   -   -   -
   10 |  -   8   4   5   4   1   -   -   -   -   -
   11 |  -   -  19  28  24  23  12   8   -   -   -
   12 |  -   5   2   3   -   -   -   -   -   -   -
   13 |  3   5   -   -  11  10   -   -   -   -   -
   14 |  5  15   -   -   5   -   -   -   -   -   -
   15 |  -   -   -  30  33  20  13   7   -   -   -
   16 |  -   -  36   8  47  43  29  27  25   -   -
   17 |  -   -  22  23  19  20   -   -   -   -   -
   18 |  -  29  41  26  16  17   -   -   -   -   -
   19 |  4   7  13  11  25  13   -   -   -   -   -
  ------------------------------------------------
   29 | 11  16  14  11   -   -   -   -   -   -   -
   30 |  -  16   7   -   -   -   -   -   -   -   -
   31 |  -   -   -   -   -   -   -   -   -   -   -
  ----+-------------------------------------------
  Oct | 10  11  12  13  14  15  16  17  18  19  20
      | UT

Notes:
 . no corrections for radiant position made to the counts.
 . (-) means no observations made.
 . Active showers: Draconids maximum on Oct.  8
                   Epsilon Geminids     Oct. 18
                   Orionids             Oct. 21
 . equipment problems between Oct 20-28, no data recorded


      Mike Boschat

---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Observer: Giorgio Bressan, Associazione Friulana di Astronomia e
          Meteorologia (AFAM)
Location: Remanzacco, near Udine, Italy (13.3 E, 46.1 N)
Antenna:  A.) 4 el. Yagi, dir. south
          B.) 3 el. Yagi, dir NNE
Frequency: A.) 53.7592 Mhz, USB mode
           B.) 49.73885 Mhz, USB mode
Transmitter: A.) TV video carrier, south Italy
             B.) TV video carrier, either Praha (NNE) or Budapest (NE)
Observing method: automatic setup using FFTDSP software to record the
          total power of the channels A.) and B.). 40 Hz bandwidth
          are used for meteor identification, pictures with interference
          are manually rejected.


   | > 0.5 s        > 3.5 s        > 6.5 s         > 12 s
   |   count          count          count          count
 UT|  7   8 Oct      7   8 Oct      7   8 Oct      7   8 Oct    7,  8, Oct
--+-----------     ----------     ----------     ----------   ------------
  0|    103              0              0              0         ,  3,
  1|    119              2              1              0         , 20,
  2|    167              3              1              1         , 19,
  3|    122              2              1              0         , 11,
  4|    117              3              1              0         , 21,
  5|    100              2              0              0         , 12,
  6|    108              4              0              0         , 10,
  7|    106             12              1              0         , 28,
  8|     75              3              1              0         , 18,
  9|     80              5              0              0         , 18,
 10|     99              7              4              0         , 31,
 11|    124             10              1              0         , 40, <---
 12|    175             20              2              0         , 68, <---
 13|    159              7              0              0         , 38, <---
 14|     18              0              0              0         ,  4,
 15|    110.             0.             0.             0.        , 16,
 16| 34. 91.         0.  3.         0.  2.         0.  0.       0, 16,
 17| 46  98          6   1          1   0          0   0       22,  8,
 18| 44  80          1   3          0   1          0   1        4, 17,
 19| 81 124.         4   5.         0   0.         0   0.      10, 14,
 20| 94              3              0              0            9,   ,
 21|120              6              2              0           24,   ,
 22|103.             2.             0.             0.           8,   ,
 23| 96.             2.             0.             0.           3,   ,
---+-----------     ----------     ----------     ----------   -----------
 UT|  7   8 Oct      7   8 Oct      7   8 Oct      7   8 Oct    7,  8, Oct


Notes:

 . the low values at 14h UT are due to less interference, which resulted in
   lower counts, while the meteor echoes are still there but not counted by
   the software during this hour.

 . the shape of the Draconids outburst was not symmetric, but showed a slow
   ascending slope and a faster descending one:

         - 10:15 UT: no long meteor reflections
   10:15 - 11:15 UT: activity building up, but seems to remain on the same
   level, Draconids show up as long echos of up to 20 seconds length.
   11:50 - 12:50 UT: activity increases very much, long reflections as before.
   12:50 - 13:13 UT: highest activity, with the echos overlapping each other.
   13:13 - 13:30 UT: fast decrease, echos again up to 20 seconds length
   13:30 - 16:10 UT: weak activity, looks same as from 10:15-11:15)


      Giorgio Bressan / via Werfried Kuneth

---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Observer:  Eisse Pieter (Peter) Bus
Location:  Groningen, Netherlands  (6 deg 33' E, 53 deg 13' N)
Frequency: 72.11 MHz
Transmitter Location: Wroclaw, Poland, 130 kW, distance 740 km
Antenna:   Yagi, 3 elements, geographical azimuth 106 deg (ESE),
           elevation 13 deg
Receiver:  Bearcat UBC 860 XLT Scanning Radio, sensitivity: 0.5 uV
Observing method: Listening and counting in 5-minute intervals.

Mean "sporadic" activity of 3, 10 and 11 October 1998:
(hourly rates starting at UT)

  7h   8   9  10  11  12  13  14  17  18  19  20
 -----------------------------------------------
 91   92  68  84  95  88  68  68  62  59  91  83

 Long lasting reflections (>1 s):

   7h   8   9 10  11  12  13  14  17  18  19  20
 -----------------------------------------------
   8                           5   6           8

Uncorrected counts observed on October 8, 1998:
(hourly rates starting at UT)

   7h  8    9   10   11   12   13  14  17  18  19   20
------------------------------------------------------
 112  89  115  101  181  201  224  92  56  67  85  108

Uncorrected long-lasting reflections >1 s on October 8, 1998.
(hourly rates starting at UT)

 7h  8   9  10  11  12  13  14   17  18  19  20
-----------------------------------------------
12  14  26  35  64  81  75  32    6   6  12   8

Uncorrected long-lasting reflections >1 s on October 8, 1998.
(total reflection-time in minutes)

  7h   8    9   10   11    12    13   14    17   18  19   20
------------------------------------------------------------
0.5  2.0  2.3  1.7  3.7  12.2  11.4  2.3   0.1  0.2 0.3  0.3


Counts per 30-minute intervals corrected for dead-time, "sporadics"
and observability function show for the Draconids a half-wide maximum
at 12h55m UT = solar longitude 195.065 degrees (2000.0).
However, counts per 10-minute intervals show a half-wide maximum at
13h10m UT = solar longitude 195.075 degrees.

Note: between about 12h55m and 13h05m saturation of the signals occurred.
Therefore no individual reflections were counted during this period.
Between about 14h40m and 17h UT interference (probably caused by nearby
computers) obscured the observations.


      Peter Bus

---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Observer:  Maurice De Meyere
Location:  Deurle, Belgium  (3 37' E, 51 00' N)
Frequency: 66.51 MHz
Transmitter locations (all stations of more than 10 kW):
   66.35 MHz, Klaipeda, Lithuania  12 kW, 05h00-22h00
   66.47      Viesintos Lithuania  12     05h00-22h00
   66.62      Budapest  Hungary   100     24hrs
   66.68      Valmiera  Latvia     20     04h30-22h00
Antenna:   crossed Yagi, 4 elements, astronomical azimuth 270 deg (= E),
           elevation 27 deg.
           Antenna amplifier: 25 dB  max level  90 dBmuV
Receiver:  commercial, Progresson 447A, TESLA (Bratislava)
           The receiver was calibrated with a Marconi TF2008 signal
           generator. Sensitivity: 5 muV (modulation frequency
           1000 Hz, frequency sweep 38 kHz) at (S+N)/N = 20 dB.
           SWR of antenna alone at 66.5 MHz: 1.4/1 (good to very good),
           measured with MFJ/259P SWR analyzer (HF-VHF 1.8 MHz to 170 MHz)
           on Sep 28, 1998.
Observing method: automated setup, 150 samples/second, 8 bit resolution.
           [Time and details of all individual meteor reflections are stored
           on file in the University of Ghent format (Prometeos), and are
           available for further analysis. Reduction software for DOS and
           Windows available].


                        October 1998

   Raw counts of reflections with a duration of at least 0.027 s
   during one hour interval starting at UT:

   Oct |   UT
  1998 |   20h  21   22   23   00   01   02   03   04   05   06   07
 ------+------------------------------------------------------------
  1- 2 |   27   41   47   64   45   59  105  128  143  149   97
  2- 3 |   15   35   15   65   50   48   77   88  133  143  121
  3- 4 |   18   29   26   63   65   67   62  103  103  100  161?
  4- 5 |   18   25   36   55   47   67   63  105  104  201? 116
  5- 6 |   27   34   45   57   72   59  102  108  127  108  137?
  6- 7 |   16   23   49   68   71   47   96  103  111  107  112
  7- 8 |   20   34   68   68   55   62   90   94  108  127   91
  8- 9 |   75   94   62   65   54   84  107  127   94  121   99
  9-10 |   60   76   75   58   63   78    ?    ?    ?    ?    ?
 10-11 |   49   61   79   65   61   74   83   91  110   98   91
 11-12 |   22   29   53   58   70   82   88  123  145  132  104
 12-13 |   41   33   39   51   74   74   89  104  115   96   93
 13-14 |   20   39   40   62   79   69  117  114   96  113   71
 14-15 |   25   52   78   87   88   84  143  129  120  145  160
 15-16 |   31   35   56   57   71  114  121  229  130  169  129
 16-17 |   32   39   59   83   55   71  102  164  120  130  181
 17-18 |   20   43   55   51   64   83   69  151  129  106  158
 18-19 |
 19-20 |   13   36   39   58   96   95  139  173  160  202  147
 20-21 |   37   75   95   53   75  102  173  209  209  236  105
 21-22 |   31   71   59   74   73   87  134  117  129  149  226
 22-23 |   27   70   55   83   85   94  165  179  152  195  106
 23-24 |
 24-25 |
 25-26 |        17   66   55   61   55   99  113  107  163  166  157
 26-27 |        41   21   40   51   96  109  128  149  146  167   97
 27-28 |        39   59   60   87   52   79   88  116  140  131   89
 28-29 |        24   48   60   98   71   67   85  115   81  106   57
 29-30 |        36   45   55   75   69   80  150  155  186? 167?  76
 30-31 |        31   82   92   81   98   93  113   96  108  109  100
 31- 1 |        28   39   48   93   59   90   77  156  105  122   92
 ------+------------------------------------------------------------
  1998 |   20h  21   22   23   00   01   02   03   04   05   06   07
   Oct |   UT

 Extra observations at the occasion of the Draconids:

   Oct |   UT
  1998 |   17h  18   19
 ------+---------------
  8- 9 |   20   23   41
  9-10 |   18   30   54
 10-11 |   14   26   44


   Raw counts of reflections with a duration of at least 1.000 s
   during one hour interval starting at UT:

   Oct |   UT
  1998 |   20h  21   22   23   00   01   02   03   04   05   06   07
 ------+------------------------------------------------------------
  1- 2 |    1    8    6   12    5    6   14   17   19   27   18
  2- 3 |    2    6    1   18*   9    2   14   14   34*  18   24
  3- 4 |    4*   0    3   10   12    9    4    8   13   12   38?
  4- 5 |    3    6*   5    9    4   12    9   15   11   52?  17
  5- 6 |    5    3    5    4   12    8   13   20   14   12   30?
  6- 7 |    1    1    6    5   12    7   12   12   12   12   19
  7- 8 |    1    2    8    9    8    5    3   13    9   25    7
  8- 9 |    7   17    5   12    4   12   17   18    9   13   11
  9-10 |    11   8    9    7    7   12    ?    ?    ?    ?    ?
 10-11 |    3    6   11   14*   5   10   11    8   12   15   13
 11-12 |    3    2    9   13*  12   13   16   21   24   22   22*
 12-13 |    12*  6    3   10    7   12   15   20   11   17    8
 13-14 |    3    5    7    9   16*  7    14   10   11   14   12
 14-15 |    0    6   11   14   11   12   16   13   17   24   30
 15-16 |    1    6    8   10    9   22   16   34   15   21   23
 16-17 |    6    7    9   16    5    7    7   27   11   14   47*
 17-18 |    1    5    3    7   10   17*   8   18   14   16   36*
 18-19 |
 19-20 |    1    5    5    8   17   12   22   25   31   46*  20
 20-21 |    6   13   17    8   10   10   37*  26   35   41   36*
 21-22 |    2   14    6    5    7   14   27*  17   15   23   51*
 22-23 |    3   11    6   12   12   11   26   18   26   24   16
 23-24 |
 24-25 |
 25-26 |         2   19*  11    8    8   23*  18   10   35*  22   30
 26-27 |         2    3   10*  11*  14   30*  11   25   20   24   10
 27-28 |         8*   9    8   19*   7    5    8   13   26   26    9
 28-29 |         1    5    7   24*   9    4   10   14    6   15    7
 29-30 |         4    7    7    9    5   12   21   26   26?  26?  10
 30-31 |         4   25*  13    8   17   16   14    9   11    5   20
 31- 1 |         8*   2    4   13    9   12   14   31   17   12   14
 ------+------------------------------------------------------------
  1998 |   20h  21   22   23   00   01   02   03   04   05   06   07
   Oct |   UT


Notes:
 . ? probably affected by sporadic-E, direct reception.
 .   thunderstorm on Oct 23-24, storm on Oct 24-25.
 . * warning for relative high number of long duration reflections,
     an indication for potential stream activity.
 .   switch to winter hour (local time = UT + 1 hours) on Oct 25


      Maurice De Meyere

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Location: Astronomical Observatory, University of Ghent, Belgium
          (3 42' 32" E, 51 01' 25" N)
Antenna (2x): 4 elements horizontal Yagi, pointed East, elevation= 20 deg
Antenna amplifier: 10 dB gain
Frequency: (1)=66.29 MHz (signal) and (2)=65.3 MHz (interference control)
Receiver (2x): modified commercial FM receiver
Data acquisition: 12 bits PC-based A/D convertor, 250 Hz sampling rate
Interference rejection:
   dual setup: receiver (1) tuned at distant transmitter, receiver (2)
   tuned at empty frequency. Anti-coincidence measurement rejects
   registration of broadbanded spurious signals (lightning, computers,
   ignition motors, etc).
Further information:
   see WWW page (additional info + observational data)
   http://allserv.rug.acdot be/~hdejongh/astro/meteor/meteor.html
Data format:
   results are shown as total reflection time, expressed as
   a percentage. The actual number shows 10 times this value.
   When no figure is shown, the equipment was either out of service,
   or results could have been affected by interference, sporadic-E.


     -------------------------------------------------------------
     | Oct 1998 | 10x % reflec. time | horiz: day | vert: time UT|
  ----------------------------------------------------------------
     |   1   2   3   4   5   6   7   8   9  10  11  12  13  14  15
  ---+------------------------------------------------------------
   0 |  28  45  25  36  39  36  32  32  33  29  45  33  25  34  39
   1 |  28  30  29  31  43  29  32  31  33  34  36  72  25  36  31
   2 |  36  36  30  26  44  35  39  25  77  42  38  39  32  28  37
   3 |  41  43  35  59  67  63  33  50  46  36  36  56  51  57  34
   4 |  39  74  48  45  91  38  48  34  37  44  39  64  35  32  32
   5 |  68  81  97  41  58  48  50  91  50  66  44  80  46  36  75
   6 |  59  90  61  71  28  46  49  28  46  59  38  47  41  46  41
   7 |  47  65  84 122  18  23  91  36  34  52  47  27  22  40  43
   8 |  42  69  71  63  33  19  50  66  21  38  48  16  29  14  36
   9 |  43  45  47  60  19  18  41  36  13  36  52  21  24  31  21
  10 |  30  49  47  56  38  24  22  29  13  27  37   8  29  27  13
  11 |  37  19  46  53  46  15  11  16  13  34  22   6  13  25  11
  12 |  28  22  82  22  22  17   9  19  10  22       7  15  16   7
  13 |  13  15  34  21  21   7  13  19   8  11       4  10  24  36
  14 |   8   3  12   8   8   4   6  13  11  15       4  13   8  11
  15 |   6   8   9   9   7   5   7  27  11  12  23   4  17  14  20
  16 |   9  10  14  12  13  16   8  20  15  16  20   4   7   9  18
  17 |   8  20  12  12  13  12  10  14  10  13   9   9  11  10  23
  18 |  12  26  16  23  23  16  10  11  16  18  10  16  14  26  19
  19 |  25  18  22  27  26  17  20  29  16  29  25  25  23  16  28
  20 |  25  33  33  37  32  25  30  25  29  26  20  28  23  29  24
  21 |  23  27  25  34  44  27  29  23  29  31  33  27  23  23  27
  22 |  27  22  39  26  43  29  39  18  29  24  27  28  32  28  41
  23 |  32  27  37  37  33  34  49  21  27  30  31  25  33  35  26
  ---+------------------------------------------------------------
     |   1   2   3   4   5   6   7   8   9  10  11  12  13  14  15


     --------------------------------------------------------------
     | Oct 1998 | 10x % reflec. time | horiz: day | vert: time UT |
  --------------------------------------------------------------------
     |  16  17  18  19  20  21  22  23  24  25  26  27  28  29  30  31
  ---+----------------------------------------------------------------
   0 |  29  34  50  52  39  54  66  73  62  37  46  50  52  71  33  45
   1 |  46  32  35  44  55  48 124  59  68  39  56  40  44  56  47  48
   2 |  43  37  34  42  39  62 133 119  77  46  55  53  48  33  83  51
   3 |  64  53  65  69 112 117 154  77  80  82  49  43  60  65  83  48
   4 |  38  29  53  72 105  75 125  77 124  57  78  62  58  67  73  56
   5 |  37  48  50  48  58  98 221 126 127  67  78  65  69  62  65  84
   6 |  23  40  68  58  61  61 127  98  58  60  76 114  82  54  64  56
   7 |  20  48  27  20 102  50 131  64  66  59  39  57  47  34  45  66
   8 |  21  22  42   4  48  47  96  29  66  55  61  70  45  34  39  60
   9 |  23  20  32   1  34  34  86  45  82  48  27  62  25  36  28  37
  10 |  12  20  25   7      54  30  39  32  26  36  63  14  29  32  43
  11 |  10  37  21  15      14  19  33  23  38  22  25  31  17  31  37
  12 |   6  18  20  20      27  27  37 100  54  18  24  28  23  25  49
  13 |   6  11  17  19  20  18   5  11  73  43   5  16  23  45  13  14
  14 |  10  14  24   3   3  18   7  17  70  14  23  18  17  20  22  10
  15 |  21  11   8   6   5   8   6  10  14  10   5  21  13  23  27  16
  16 |  42  24  15  11  12  26   7  13   5  30  11  10  15  28  40  10
  17 |  16   9  18  10  29  13  13  12  10  19  28  18  21  14  20  23
  18 |      22  14  13  10  13      19  16  30  19  15  16  60  33  33
  19 |      19  15  19  17  30      19  22  39  38  26  51  39  61  53
  20 |  25  42  30  33  35  33  30  23  38  35  39  39  41  38  58  63
  21 |  27  52  27  26  25  58  39  40  35  33  49  62  47  60  46  70
  22 |  30  31  28  28  38  54  77  39  30  62  32  45  47  49  58  62
  23 |  36  37  43  38  28  39  38  54  40  42  39  45  43  43  50  35
  ---+----------------------------------------------------------------
     |  16  17  18  19  20  21  22  23  24  25  26  27  28  29  30  31


Notes:
 . hardly any Draconids activity noticeably, probably due to unfavourable
   geometrical conditions!
 . Orionids maximum on Oct 22


      Pierre De Groote

---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Observer: Will Kelsey
Location: Santa Maria, CA. USA (120 26' 9" W, 34 55' 58" N)
Frequency: 98.5 MHz
Transmitter Location: Sacramento, CA. KRAK FM, 50 kW at 362 km.
Antenna: Yagi FM 6 element. Heading North
Receiver: Sangean 803 A
Observing Method: Listening to audio recording.

   Underdense/Overdense Scale:
      C-Dense: 0.5 second or less
      B-Dense: 0.5 to 3.0 seconds
      X-Dense: 3.0 seconds or more

   Estimated Signal Amplitude (ESA): 1 to 99 maximum
   Interference (INT):               Lo    Med    Hi

   Each observation hour is recorded in three 20 minute intervals
____________________________________________________________________
October
1998     hr-UT     X-Dense    B-Dense     C-Dense    ESA  INT  Total
--------------------------------------------------------------------
 1 DAU  0920-1020               1-2-2     3-12- 7     48  Med    27
 2 DAU  0920-1020               1-2-1     1- 5- 6     44  Med    16
 3 OAR  1030-1130               4-1-2     4- 1- 4     25  Lo     16
 4 OAR  1030-1130               3-2-3     2-10- 8     47  None   28
 5 OAR  1030-1130               5-3-7    10- 9-11     42  None   45
 6 OAR  1030-1130               5-6-5    11- 9- 4     55  None   40
 7 GIA  0300-0400    1-0-1      2-1-7     5- 4- 7     61  Lo     28
 7 OAR  1030-1130               2-6-6    11- 8- 8     39  None   41
 8 GIA  0300-0400    1-1-1      2-2-4     3- 3- 5     68  Lo     22
 8 OAR  1100-1200               5-3-5     6- 3- 6     61  None   28
 8 GIA  2040-2140    1-0-0      1-1-1     4- 0- 4     67  Med    12
 9 GIA  0240-0340               2-1-3     2- 1- 4     62  Lo     13
 9 DAU  0900-1000               3-7-4     9-16- 5     55  None   44
10 DAU  0900-1000               5-9-6     6- 7-14     32  None   47
10 DAU  1520-1620    0-1-1      4-3-3     7- 5- 6     50  Lo     30
11 DAU  0845-0945               3-3-2     6- 4- 4     45  Lo     22
12 ORI  0930-1030               3-4-3     6- 3- 3     55  Lo     22
13 ORI  0930-1030               2-3-3     6- 6- 8     36  None   28
14 ORI  0930-1030    1-1-2      2-2-8     4- 3- 5     57  None   28
15 ORI  0950-1050               4-3-4     6- 5- 8     47  None   30
16 ORI  0950-1050               7-3-2    10- 9- 5     25  None   36
17 ORI  0900-1000    1-0-0      4-3-5     6- 9- 8     56  None   36
18 ORI  0900-1000               5-2-4     9- 9-11     43  None   40
19 ORI  0840-0940    1-1-0      4-4-3     4- 9- 8     32  None   34
20 ORI  1000-1100    1-1-0      5-6-5    17-18- 8     38  None   61
21 ORI  1000-1100    1-0-1     9-7-10    13-21-16     36  None   78
22 ORI  1000-1100    0-2-1      8-6-5     7-19-16     42  None   64
23 ORI  1000-1100    0-0-1     8-10-8     8-14-12     34  None   61
24 ORI  1000-1100               2-2-3    10-16- 9     45  None   42
25 ORI  1000-1100               5-6-9    11-12-15     38  None   58
26 ORI  1000-1100               9-4-8    15-10- 9     53  None   55
27 ORI  1000-1100               2-5-4     3- 9- 6     45  None   29
28 ORI  0900-1000               4-3-4     6- 9- 7     36  None   33
29 STA  1130-1230    1-1-0      6-5-4     4-16- 2     59  None   39
30 STA  1130-1230    0-0-1      6-2-7     7- 4- 7     44  None   34
31 STA  1130-1230    0-1-0      5-6-4    10- 7- 9     52  None   42
--------------------------------------------------------------------
1998     hr-UT     X-Dense    B-Dense     C-Dense    ESA  INT  Total
October

Notes:
 . activity period of streams with radiant at 45 deg elevation:
   DAU: Delta Aurigids Area
   GIA: Giacobinids (Draconids)
   ORI: Orionids
   STA: Southern Taurids


      Will Kelsey

---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Observer: Werfried Kuneth
Location: Ferndorf, Austria (13 37' E, 46 45' N)
Antenna:  2 element Yagi, direction southeast, no elevation at 1m height.
Receiver: IC-706 at 53.76065 MHz, CW-R mode, 500 Hz CW filter, fast AGC.
Transmitters: 1) 30 kW TV video carrier from Bari, Italy, distance 700 km,
          direction south and 2) a 30 kW TV video carrier from Sicilia,
          Italy, distance 900 km, south. The total echo power of both
          transmitters is processed into same 40 Hz virtual
          receiver channel.
Observing method: automatic setup using FFTDSP42t software by AF9Y to record
          the audio signal. 20 channels of 2 Hz width are used for meteor
          identification, pictures with interference, are manually rejected.
          Sampling interval: one 4096 point FFT every 0.5 seconds.


 The meteor counts below are corrected for a full hour observing time. If
 the recording duration is 20-40 minutes, a dot is shown after the value, to
 show the reduced accuracy. Results for less than 20 min. observing time are
 excluded.


       Counts of reflections longer than 6.5 seconds,
       assumed to be overdense.

   |   Oct  1998
 UT|  1   2   3   4   5   6   7   8   9  10  11  12  13  14  15  16
---+----------------------------------------------------------------
  0|  3       4   2   0   4   4   1   1   3   4   2   1   3   4   1
  1|  4       1   5   2  10.  1   3   2   3   8   2   3   6   3   4
  2|  3   7   4   2   4   6   6   6   3   6   7   4   6   3   0   6
  3|  6   5   2   3   4   6   2   0   7   3   7  11   4   6       6
  4|  8   6  11   4   7   8   4   4   4       6   3   4  10   3   3
  5|  2  10   7   8   4   7   4   4   1       3   6   8   4   7  17
  6|  7  13   6  15   7   5   3   6   6   8   4   6   7   1   4   7
  7|  6  19  13  10   2  10   8  12   6   2   9  11   3   8   5  10
  8|  4  13  11   3   2  11   7   8  10   3   5   6   6   3   9   3
  9|  5   7  12  13.  4  17   4   7   1   3   4   8   5   6   8  13.
 10|  9  10   5   8  10   7   4   7   6   8   7   9   1   8   2.  5
 11|  4   5  11   9   7   8   4  18   7  11   8  11   3   2
 12|  5   4   6   4   2   4   5  25   4.  4   2   3   3   1
 13|  2   4   1   0   3   3   2  40   0   0   2   9   5.  1
 14|  2.  0   0   2   0   3   4   4   2   3   1   4   4.  0       0
 15|  0.  0   1   2   3   0   2   4   1   0   1   0       1       0
 16|      1   4   1   1   0.  1   1   1   2.  0       2.  0       1
 17|  1   0   0   0   0   0.  4   2   1       0.          0.      1
 18|  0   0   0   2   1   0   1   1   1   3   1       3   2       4
 19|  2   0   1   3   2   0.  3   2   3   2   1       0   1       2
 20|  1   1   2   3   0       0.  2   2   3   0.  6.  1   2   3   4
 21|      1   7   1   5       4   7   3   2   4   5   0   0   4   5
 22|      4   0   2   1   0   1   2   3   0   4   4   2   1   1   4
 23|      1   3   0   4   2   2   0   4   2   5   2   1   2.  2   5
---+----------------------------------------------------------------
 UT|  1   2   3   4   5   6   7   8   9  10  11  12  13  14  15  16
   |   Oct  1998

   |   Oct  1998
 UT| 17  18  19  20  21  22  23  24  25  26  27  28  29  30  31
---+-----------------------------------------------------------
  0|  3   9   7  10   8   7   9   3  20.  9   9   4   7  10   3
  1|  5   8   7  12   7  12   3   4  14  10  10  14  11  12  17
  2|  2   6   8   6   6  16   9  10  16  13  10  12   7  17  13
  3|  3  10  11   5   8  16  11   3   7   9  13   9   7  11   8
  4|  3   8   9  15  10   9   3   6  11   5  10  12  10  10   6
  5|  1  11   7  11  17  13   7  10  16  13  16  15   9  10  12
  6|  6   8   9  12   6  17  14   8   9  13   9   6  11  11   7
  7|  9   9   6   7  15  20   6   1  20  14   8   8  10   3   7
  8|  5   7  10  19  10  12   9       8  10   8   8   7   2   6
  9|  4   7   3   7  11  10   4       9  10  13   6   8   1   4
 10|  3   7   6   5   5   6   5       7.  5   5   4.  7   3   2.
 11|  4   4   7   3   0.  4   4       5   7. 14   0.  6   2   7
 12|  0   6   5   4   5.  2   7       5   6   6       7   4
 13|  0   4   4   1   4   4   0       4       0.  1   5.  4.  2.
 14|  1   0.  1   0   1   4   1       2   3   2.  2   2
 15|  1   1   3   3   0       2           3       8   3       2.
 16|  1   1   2   3   3       2       4   3   2   3           4.
 17|  1   0   1   1   0       0   0.  2   4   0   0       1   3
 18|  0   3   4   3   2       0   2   6   1   1   1   8.  2   2
 19|  1   6   1   3   3       3   5   4   4   3   1   1   3   6
 20|  3   4   4   3   1   4   3   3   6   1   1   5   8   4   5
 21|  4   3   4   2   3   4   4   4   9   4  11   6   5   8   5
 22|  4   2   1   3   4   4   5   9   9   6   4   7   6  11   3
 23|  7   2   2   8  12   4   4   8  15  10   6   7   9  10   8
---+-----------------------------------------------------------
 UT| 17  18  19  20  21  22  23  24  25  26  27  28  29  30  31
   |   Oct  1998


           Counts of reflections longer than 3.5 seconds
           during the Draconids outbursts

   |  Oct  1998
 UT|   7   8   9
---+------------
  0|  13  11  13
  1|  18  17   9
  2|  15  17  17
  3|  13  20  24
  4|  18  16   9
  5|  13  16   7
  6|  13  19  17
  7|  18  24  15
  8|  19  27  27
  9|  14  20  14
 10|  13  19  16
 11|   6  45  14    <----
 12|   8  73  11.   <----
 13|  16 107        <----
 14|   9  14
 15|   7  12
 16|   4  10
 17|   6   3
 18|   2   5
 19|   6   8
 20|   7. 13
 21|  10  17
 22|   7  10
 23|   8   4
---+------------
 UT|   7   8   9
   |  Oct  1998

The Draconids outburst looks much better in the duration distribution.

          Duration distribution for October 8, 1998,
          (counts are extrapolated for the full hour)

         |0.5 s count (underdense)
         |   |1.0-1.5 s count
         |   |   |2.0-3.0 s
         |   |   |   |3.5-6 s
         |   |   |   |   |6.5-12.5 s
Begin    |   |   |   |   |  |13-25.5 s
of hour  |   |   |   |   |  |  |26-49.5 s
  |      |   |   |   |   |  |  |  | >=50 s
  |      |   |   |   |   |  |  |  |   |fraction of time observed
  |      |   |   |   |   |  |  |  |   | (1.00 = full hour)
  v      v   v   v   v   v  v  v  v   v
 0:00, 268,117, 39, 10, 0, 1, 0, 0,1.00
 1:00, 282,134, 45, 13, 2, 1, 0, 0,0.89
 2:00, 272,145, 36, 11, 4, 1, 1, 0,0.95
 3:00, 269,121, 40, 20, 0, 0, 0, 0,0.89
 4:00, 242,123, 30, 12, 3, 0, 1, 0,1.00
 5:00, 220,108, 34, 12, 3, 1, 0, 0,0.95
 6:00, 220,105, 34, 13, 4, 2, 0, 0,1.00
 7:00, 196,101, 24, 12,10, 2, 0, 0,1.00
 8:00, 203,108, 22, 19, 4, 3, 0, 0,0.89
 9:00, 217, 72, 32, 13, 6, 1, 0, 0,0.84
10:00, 155, 99, 27, 12, 3, 1, 2, 0,0.89
11:00, 148, 82, 38, 27,16, 1, 0, 1,0.89 <---
12:00, 170,133, 80, 48,23, 2, 0, 0,1.00 <---
13:00, 160,129, 72, 67,36, 4, 0, 0,1.00 <---
14:00, 122, 79, 36, 11, 1, 1, 0, 1,0.84
15:00,  97, 42, 14,  7, 3, 0, 1, 0,0.95
16:00,  79, 38, 14,  9, 1, 0, 0, 0,1.00
17:00,  71, 48, 11,  1, 0, 1, 0, 1,0.95
18:00, 106, 58, 14,  4, 1, 0, 0, 0,0.95
19:00, 132, 94, 16,  6, 2, 0, 0, 0,0.95
20:00, 138,111, 25, 11, 1, 1, 0, 0,0.84
21:00, 200,103, 28, 10, 6, 0, 1, 0,1.00
22:00, 220, 86, 29,  7, 2, 0, 0, 0,0.95
23:00, 224, 96, 22,  4, 0, 0, 0, 0,0.95

The Draconids outburst peak occured here at 12:50 to 13:20 UT, and there
was good activity from 11:50 to 13:50 UT.

             Propagation overview for October 1998

    E : sporadic-E or E-layer propagation
    F : FAI (field aligned irregularity)
    - : propagation only via meteor echos.
    (blank) : no data available

    |   Oct  1998
  UT| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031
 ---+--------------------------------------------------------------
   0| -   - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - F - - - - - -
   1| - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
   2| - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
   3| - - - - - - - - - F - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
   4| - - - - - - - - - E - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
   5| - - - - - - - - - E - - - - - - - - - E - - - - - - - - - - -
   6| - - - - - - - - - F - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - E - -
   7| - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
   8| - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -   - - - - - - -
   9| - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -   - - - - - - -
  10| - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -   - - - - - - -
  11| - - - E - - - - - - - - - -     - - - - - - -   - - - - - - -
  12| - - - - - - - - - - - - - -     - - - F - - E   - - - - - - -
  13| - - - - - - - - - - - - - -     - - - F - - -   - - - - - - -
  14| - - - - - - - - - - - - - -   - - - - - - - -   - - - - - - -
  15| - - - - - - - - - - - - - -   - - - - - - - -   - - - - - - -
  16| - - - - - - - - - E -   - -   - - - - - -   -   - - - - F - -
  17| - - - - - - - - - E -   - -   - - E - - -   - - - - - - F - -
  18| - - - - - - - - - - -   - -   - - - - - -   - - - - - - - - -
  19| E - - - - - - - - - -   - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
  20| E - - - - - - - - - F - - - - - - - - - - F - - - - - - - - -
  21| - - - - -   - - - - F - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
  22|   - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
  23|   - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
 ---+--------------------------------------------------------------
  UT| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031
    |   Oct  1998


 Notes:
 . looking at the whole month of October 1998, the Draconids outburst is
   the biggest event. The Orionids showed a broad peak of activity lasting
   for several days with no special peak observed, as in previous years.


      Werfried Kuneth

---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Observer:    Ton Schoenmaker
Location:    Roden, Netherlands (06 26' E, 53 08' N)
Frequency:   77.257 MHz
Transmitter: Kielce, Poland; 100 kW, horizontal polarization
Antenna:     4-element horizontal Yagi, geographical azimuth 105 degrees (ESE),
             elevation 15 degrees
Receiver:    home-made convertor followed by Barlow-Wadley XCR-30 Mark II;
             total sensitivity 0.3 uV for 20 dB S/N, bandwidth 3 kHz
Observing:   rectified signal from 455 Khz I.F. recorded with a Servogor
             strip-chart recorder with a chart speed of 120 mm/hour

Observations of the Draconids started at 12h19m UTC when the TV transmitter
in Kielce was switched on. Immediately many reflections were recorded. At
the 0.12 uV level signals were nearly overlapping, signals of 0.3 uV or
stronger could be separated most of the time. In contrast with the outbursts
of Leonids 1997 and so-called new peak of the Perseids, not many long-lasting
echoes were present. The longest reflections lasted about 1 minute. The
recordings show that the peak of stronger signals preceded the peak of
weaker signals by about 15 - 30 minutes.

The following table gives the uncorrected counts of signals stronger than
0.3 uV (column "A") and counts of signals stronger than least 0.12 uV
(column "B"), converted into hourly rates.
Observations of 10 October are presumed to be sporadics mainly.

 Hourly rates for the indicated intervals:

               |        October 1998
               |      8              10
      UT       |   A     B         A     B
 --------------+--------------------------
 12h19 - 12h30 | 131   272        15    62
 12h30 - 12h45 | 132   332        15    62
 12h45 - 13h00 |  84   348        15    62
 13h00 - 13h15 |  92   360 *      12    71
 13h15 - 13h30 |  48   332        12    71
 13h30 - 13h45 |  48   276        12    71
 13h45 - 14h00 |  72   280        12    71
 --------------+--------------------------
 14h00 - 14h30 |  30   164        15    77
 14h30 - 15h00 |  30   118        15    77
 --------------+--------------------------
 15h00 - 16h00 |  35   122         8    64
 16h00 - 17h00 |  21    88        18    59
 17h00 - 18h00 |  25   107        11    58
 18h00 - 19h00 |  28    89        16    67
 19h00 - 20h00 |  19    84        14    67
 20h00 - 21h00 |  23    71        21    66

 * saturation level


      Ton Schoenmaker

---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Observer:  Chikara Shimoda
Location:  Asahi, Nagano, Japan (137 51' E, 36 07' N)
Frequency: 81.4 MHz
Transmitter Location:  FM-Japan  81.3 MHz, 10 kW, distance 180 km.
Antenna:   5 element Yagi directed to the zenith.
Receiver:  AM-FM Tuner (TRIO KT-1100)
Observing method: Meteor echoes output from center-tuning meter were
            recorded on a pen-recorder chart.

  Oct |  UT
 1998 |  11  12  13  14  15  16  17  18  19  20  21  22 | *(1) **(2)
------+-------------------------------------------------+-----------
   1  |              19  22  20  23  18  22  23  26  24 | 20.3  22.7
   2  |  14  15  10  19  12  16  12  14  22  25  29  28 | 14.3  21.7
   3  |  13  15  15  13  10  14  17  10  20  15  13  15 | 13.3  15.0
   4  |   9  10  12   9   9  15  17  17  15  15  28  15 | 10.7  17.8
   5  |  10  13  14  15   9  10  15  21  22  15  18  16 | 11.8  17.8
   6  |  13  16  14  20   9  12  13  17   9  13  17  23 | 14.0  15.3
   7  |  18  14  14   8  12  10  15  20   8  24  12  19 | 12.7  16.3
   8  |  17  33  43  25  15  15  23  22  19  16  26  17 | 24.7  20.5
   9  |  11  12  15   9  10  19  16  12  16  14  18  17 | 12.7  15.5
  10  |  12  21  19  19  12  18  20  19  21  25  18  16 | 16.8  19.8
  11  |  14       8   7  14  12  12  15  13   9  13  12 | 11.0  12.3
  12  |   9  10  10  11   7  15   9  18  10  13  17  10 | 10.3  12.8
  13  |  12  11  22  20  20  16  26  24  28  27  18  30 | 16.8  25.5
  14  |  17  19  12  18  11  16  16  14  18  15  18  21 | 15.5  17.0
  15  |  11  18  14  13  13  10  18  20  19  17  17  27 | 13.2  19.7
  16  |  17  22  15  17  16  16  20  17  22  18  19  20 | 17.2  19.3
  17  |  17   7  17          21  12  22  16  19  21  17 | 15.5  17.8
  18  |  11  14  18  14  12  22          18  17  14  14 | 15.2  15.8
  19  |
  20  |   9  16  13  13  17  16  25  15  22  11  12  12 | 14.0  16.2
  21  |  14   8  14  18  16  24  36  20  19  21  30  31 | 15.7  26.2
  22  |  11  15  15  19  25  21  28  23  19  21  19  24 | 17.7  22.3
  23  |  11  12  13  17  25  29  34  23  28  34  32  28 | 17.8  29.8
  24  |  17  21  26  20  25  28  28  31  26  34  29  29 | 22.8  29.5
  25  |  19  28  15  28  24  27  33  27  29  32  30  35 | 23.5  31.0
  26  |  17  20  28  21  19  22  36  29  33  23  23  22 | 21.2  27.7
  27  |  17  27  26  19  12  25  28  30  28  28  33  25 | 21.0  28.7
  28  |  16  21  18  22  16  20  25  16  23  23  22  12 | 18.8  20.2
  29  |  23  25  24  16  25  20                         | 22.2
  30  |      18  23  27  25  28  32  31  21  39  21  25 | 24.2  28.2
  31  |  16  22  20  13  15  19  20  21  22  23  24  31 | 17.5  23.5
------+-------------------------------------------------+-----------
 1998 |  11  12  13  14  15  16  17  18  19  20  21  22 | *(1) **(2)
  Oct |  UT

Notes:
  * (1) average hourly rate between 11h-17h UT
  **(2) average hourly rate between 17h-23h UT
  . local time = JST = UT + 9 hours
  . I caught the Giacobinids activity, see:
    http://www2s.biglobe.ne.jp/~JN-/Gia98.GIF


     Chikara Shimoda

---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Observer:  Ilkka Yrjola
Location:  Finland  (26 35' E, 60 54' N)
Frequency: 88.8 MHz ?
Receiver:  Salora SRP-22 modified, narrow band FM (B=15 kHz)?
           detected signal level >-122 dBm.
           FM detection, no pulse noise rejection required.
Antenna:   2-el. Yagi, G=4 dBd to SW, azimuth 45 deg (SW), polarisation H.
Data sampling system: threshold triggering, sampling rate 32 ms.
           Computer logs total hourly elapsed reflection time, number of
           triggers for the hour, the longest time the signal was
           continuously above detection level for the hour.
           Data on major showers available in the Compact MS-Soft format.
           Software for viewing available from
           www.saunalahti.fi/~oh5iy/radio50.zip (754 K).

The Orionids 1998 observations are made with a temporary setup and the number
of reflections is unfortunately not directly comparable with older data.

                   Orionids 1998

    Meteor counts in one hour intervals starting at:

       UT  | 18 Oct  19 Oct   20 Oct   21 Oct
       ----+---------------------------------
        0  |    458     422      440      935
        1  |    405     496      493      356
        2  |    545     364      671      673
        3  |    435     477      586      559
        4  |    310              548      490
        5  |    664     456      665      972
        6  |    537              790      602
        7  |    752     545      674      492
        8  |    429     407     1207      487
        9  |    427     446      362      360
       10  |    449     348      450      406
       11  |    506              458      431
       12  |    559              740      342
       13  |    284              254      241
       14  |    341              275      273
       15  |    447              233      227
       16  |    262              317      240
       17  |    259     270      263      256
       18  |    278     298      305      219
       19  |    296     303      456      388
       20  |    403     452      486      407
       21  |    422     584      480      528
       22  |    518     477      533      678
       23  |    662     376      425      657
       ----+---------------------------------
       UT  | 18 Oct  19 Oct   20 Oct   21 Oct

Notes:
  . Aurora on October 19


      Ilkka Yrjola

---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Observer : W.T. Zanstra
Location : Appingedam, Netherlands (6 51' E, 53 19' N)
Frequency: 72.110 MHz
Transmitter Location:
           Wroclaw (16 43' E, 50 52' N), Poland, 135 kW, distance 735 km
Antenna  : Yagi, 5 elements, geographical azimuth 110 deg (ESE),
           elevation 12 deg
Receiver : Bearcat UBC 177XLT Scanning Radio, sensitivity 0.3 uV
Observing method: listening


 Forward scatter observations of Draconids

  October 8, 1998
       UT      |   n     spor   Fobs
  -------------+--------------------
  07:00-07:30  |  28      38    0.64
  07:30-08:00  |  29      37    0.70
  08:00-08:30  |  26      36    0.75
  08:30-09:00  |  19      35    0.81
  09:00-09:30  |  41      33    0.85
  09:30-10:00  |  41      32    0.88
  10:00-10:30  |  22      31    0.91
  10:30-11:00  |  36      29    0.91
  11:00-11:30  |  43      28    0.85
  11:30-12:00  |  46      26    0.74
  12:00-12:30  |  48      25    0.53
  12:30-13:00  |  64      23    0.31
  13:00-13:30  | 122      22    0.00
  13:30-14:00  |  38      20    0.00
  14:00-14:30  |  53      19    0.00
  14:30-15:00  |  36      18    0.00
  15:00-15:30  |  19      18    0.00
  15:30-16:00  |  10      17    0.00
  16:00-16:30  |  15      17    0.00
  16:30-17:00  |  17      17    0.00
  17:00-17:30  |  10      18    0.00
  17:30-18:00  |   2      18    0.00
  18:00-18:30  |  14      18    0.00
  18:30-19:00  |  12      19    0.00
  19:00-19:30  |  29      21    0.00
  19:30-20:00  |  10      22    0.00
  20:00-20:30  |  26      24    0.00
  20:30-21:00  |  24      26    0.00
  21:00-21:30  |  26      27    0.32
  21:30-22:00  |  29      28    0.52
  22:00-22:30  |  22      31    0.59
  22:30-23:00  |  19      32    0.62
  23:00-23:30  |  12      34    0.63
  23:30-24:00  |  36      36    0.61
  -------------+--------------------
       UT      |   n   spor     Fobs

       UT      |    n
  -------------+------
  12:30-12:35  |   84
  12:35-12:40  |   60
  12:40-12:45  |   72
  12:45-12:50  |   36
  12:50-12:55  |   72
  12:55-13:00  |    - no observation
  13:00-13:05  |  168
  13:05-13:10  |  144
  13:10-13:15  |   60
  13:15-13,20  |  132
  13:20-13:25  |  120
  13:25-13:30  |   96
  13:30-13:35  |   60
  13:35-13:40  |   48

Notes:
. the numbers (n) are hourly rates, but calculated per half hour. They are
  corrected for dead time and breaks.
. The sporadics (spor) are based on observations in the past during several
  years. Fobs is the Hines' observability function, as described in Canadian
  Journal of Physics (Vol.33, September 1955, number 9, pag 493-503).
  This probability function is not always sufficient when the radiant is close
  to the zenith, as is also the case now with the Draconids 1998. Peter Bus,
  Ton Schoenmaker and myself are working on an alternative.


      Wim Zanstra


2. ABOUT THE RMOB

The RMOB is an independent initiative of some workers in the field of radio
meteor scatter observations and data reduction. It started in August 1993 in
order to spread rapidly the Perseid results via E-mail. Since then, it has
appeared monthly, and it has gradually been expanded. In regularly publishing
summaries of observations, potential radio observers are kept up to date of
existing installations, possibilities and limitations of radio meteor
observations. In the long run, there should be sufficient observing stations
to cover the whole globe, allowing to detect stream outbursts which may
remain unnoticed visually.

RMOB contains typically: summaries of recent observations, equipment data,
first results of stream activity by radio methods, relations between radio
and optical meteors, references to other publications in the field of meteor
astronomy and radio scatter techniques, announcements of meetings, short
questions and answers, non-commercial (second hand) sale of radio equipment,
available software.

Contributors are mentioned, and interested persons are asked to contact them
directly.

RMOB can be copied freely in unabridged and unmodified form. Extracts should
indicate the source (Radio Meteor Obs Bulletin, month and year).

If you want to subscribe (or un-subscribe) to the E-mail distribution list,
please send a message to C. Steyaert.
Those not having access to E-mail can obtain a printed copy free of charge
from J. Van Wassenhove (current or back-issues).


3. ANNOUNCEMENT

Pierre Terrier <pierre.terrier@wanadoo.fr> is the author of Meteor 2.0,
a PC program designed for automatic meteor reflections registration.
It uses a special small interface card, which can be used on machines
as small as a 286 (no sound card required). The circuit causes very
little interference on the RF part. The program and its documentation,
as well the circuit description can be found at:

        http://members.tripod.com/~astro_electronic/

(in French and in English)


4. CONTRIBUTORS / USEFUL ADDRESSES

Enric Fraile Algeciras (EA3BTZ)
Frederic Corominas 58, Torrelles de llobregat, E-08629 Barcelona
E-mail: EA3BTZ@mx3.redestb.es
http://www.redestb.es/personal/ea3btz  (in Spanish)

Michael Boschat
6306 Cork St., Apt.512, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
E-mail: andromed@atm.daldot ca

Giorgio Bressan, Associazione Friulana di Astronomia e Meteorologia
E-mail: gbressan@lycosmail.com

Eisse Pieter Bus
Groningen, Netherlands
E-mail: epbus@wxsdot nl

Maurice De Meyere
Hullekensstraat 24, B-9831 Deurle, Belgium
tel: +32 (9) 282 35 26
Call: ON4NU,  packet: on4nu@on1ced
E-mail: via Chris Steyaert

University of Ghent, Astronomical Observatory
Krijgslaan 281(S9), B-9000 Gent, Belgium
E-mail contact: Paul.Vauterin@omadot be,  Pierredot deGroote@rug.acdot be

H. W. Kelsey, A.L.P.O.
Santa Maria, CA, USA
E-mail: 73073.1464@compuserve.com

Werfried Kuneth
Ferndorf, Austria
E-mail: kuneth@netway.at

Alastair McBeath
IMO: International Meteor Organization
12A Prior's Walk, Morpeth, Northumberland, NE61 2RF, England, U.K.
E-mail: via Chris Steyaert

Ton Schoenmaker, DMS
Meester Homastraat 8, NL 9301 HP  Roden, Netherlands
E-mail: schoenmaker@nfradot nl

Chikara Shimoda
178, Hario, Asahi-mura, Higashitikuma-gun Nagano, Japan
Fax: +81-263-99-3532
E-mail: c-shimo@mtd.biglobe.ne.jp
JN Homepage  http://www2s.biglobe.ne.jp/~JN-/index.html

Chris Steyaert, VVS
Kruisven 66, B-2400 Mol, Belgium
tel: +32 (14) 31 51 04
E-mail: steyaert@vvs.innetdot be
Compuserve: 72650,3513

Jeroen Van Wassenhove, VVS
's Gravenstraat 66, B-9810 Nazareth, Belgium
tel: +32 (9) 385 61 09
E-mail: 100101.734@compuserve.com

Ilkka Yrjola
Jukolantie 16, FIN-45740 Kuusankoski, Finland
E-mail home: oh5iy@sci.fi
http://www.sci.fi/~oh5iy/
Call: OH5IY, packet radio:  OH5IY@OH5RBG.#KVL.FIN.EU

W.T. Zanstra
Spijkerlaan 13, 9903 BB  Appingedam, Netherlands
tel: +31 (0)596 625617
E-mail: wimzanstra@freemaildot nl

--
Christian Steyaert                (RMOB9810)              8 November 1998
--

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