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(meteorobs) Radio Meteor Obs. Bull. Nov 1999 Leonids
Radio Meteor Observation Bulletin No. 76 December 1999
1. FORWARD SCATTER METEOR OBSERVATIONS
Observer: Enric Fraile Algeciras
Location: Paseo Bonanova, 8 Barcelona (02 07'E, 41 24' N)
Frequency: 48.24715 MHz.
Transmitter Location: still working to identify, possibly South German C2,
100 kW, horizontal polarisation)
Antenna: 6-element Yagi 617-6B, 14 dBd gain.
astronomical azimuth 215 deg (=NE), elevation 0 deg.
Antenna: Six element Yagi 617-6B, 14 dBi gain, horizontal polariz.
Azimuth 200 deg (NE), elevation 20 deg
Receiver: home made converter 20 dB gain, 1 dB noise and Kenwood TS-830S.
10 dB attenuator in the receiver to reduce direct reception
Sensitivity: 0.25 uV for 10 dB S/N
Observing method: the audio signal of the video carrier is received using
a narrow CW filter (500 Hz) and fed into the PC in real time.
Data sampling system: using a super 14 bits A/D card to PC/XT
and "Data Capture" software with 1 second/18 sampling interval
to store all the > 0.5 s reflections.
| Nov 1999
UT | 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 29 30
----+------------------------------------------------------------------------
0h| 5 11 16 24 14 11 18 2 1049 11 0 1 13 2
1 | 5 14 9 10 9 8 12 5 338 35 4 1 32 1
2 | 6 29 19 10 7 15 23 8 85 51 2 0 10 1
3 | 6 19 14 16 17 10 23 7 14 32 9 3 13 2
4 | 18 27 27 13 21 23 16 5 13 18 2 5 9 3
5 | 8 26 18 12 19 14 35 3 9 12 4 8 18 12
6 | 6 16 17 2 19 17 19 9 17 31 6 5 16 2
7 | 3 15 14 3 28 12 14 4 8 46 6 8 16 4
8 | 8 24 12 11 25 9 16 14 117 63 3 9 46 2
9 | 10 43 27 7 28 12 20 14 6 25 45 21 6 28 3
10 | 6 30 43 8 14 6 9 6 5 6 17 4 5 1
11 | 8 26 39 15 15 22 13 6 3 10 6 18 1
12 | 4 28 45 20 13 12 29 5 0 6 3 3 2
13 | 9 24 46 8 16 14 23 8 2 8 9 3
14 | 8 28 36 8 15 20 22 11 2 9 1 6 0
15 | 7 17 25 9 14 12 18 10 5 0 3 1
16 | 9 20 32 1 23 21 18 7 2 1 4 10 5
17 | 3 15 21 22 30 14 26 5 6 3 2 2 5
18 | 4 20 25 23 16 16 11 4 2 11 1 4
19 | 10 31 17 28 15 21 13 48 6 5 7 1 0
20 | 16 26 26 23 21 20 2 14 5 8 12 8 1 4
21 | 11 9 26 28 24 23 33 6 7 6 6 7 6 0 7 2
22 | 5 14 23 25 22 20 30 7 8 3 14 21 3 3 3
23 | 10 11 15 20 6 22 20 15 135 10 12 3 12 1 1
----+------------------------------------------------------------------------
UT | 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 29 30
| Nov 1999
Note:
. new software, written in C, is now under test. Now, there are two PCs
working in parallel, one with the new software and other with the old
Datacap Software.
Enric Fraile Algeciras
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Observer: Michael Boschat
Location: Halifax, Canada (63 36'W, 44 39'N, 58 meters above sea level)
Listening Frequency: 83.25 MHz
Receiver: Icom R-10
Antenna : resonant dipole
Antenna Direction: Horizontally polarized with lobes in E-W plane, elev 0 deg
Filter : high-Q (Q at least 300) bandpass filter between antenna & receiver.
Listening Mode: AM, CW from Nov 17 onwards
Recording method: listening by ear
November 1999
Number of meteors heard in one hour interval
| UT
Nov | 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
----+---------------------------------------------------------------
1 | - - - - - - - - 4 - - - - - - -
2 | - - - - - - - - 4 2 - 1 - - - -
3 | 9 3 - - - - - - 1 2 - - - - 1 -
4 | - - - - - - - - 9 12 - 1 - - - -
5 | - - - - - - 9 1 1 - 1 10 8 - - -
6 | 2 - - - - - - - - 24 11 - - - - -
7 | - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
8 | - - - - - - - - 5 9 5 1 - - - -
9 | - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
10 | - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
11 | - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
12 | - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
13 | - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
14 | - - - - - - - - - 1 - - - - - -
15 | - - - - - - - - 3 1 13 3 - - - -
16 | - - - - - - - - - - - - 3 8 2 -
====================================================================
17 | - - - - - 6 - 8 - 18 24 21 23 22 17 -
18 | - - - - 18 - - - 18 23 48 79 43 25 34 18
19 | - - - - - - - 7 9 7 - - - - - -
20 | - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
21 | - - - - - - - - - - - 3+ 6 3 - -
22 | - - - - - - - - - 2 - 5 2 - - -
23 | - - - - - - - - - 2 5 - - - - -
----+---------------------------------------------------------------
Nov | 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
| UT
Notes:
. no corrections for radiant position made to the counts.
. ( - ) means no observations made.
. * = Interference
. + = Monitored for 1/2 hour only.
Mike Boschat
---------------------------------------------------------------------
Observer: Maurice De Meyere
Location: Deurle, Belgium (3 37' E, 51 00' N)
Frequency: 66.51 MHz
Transmitter locations (all stations of more than 10 kW):
66.35 MHz, Klaipeda, Lithuania 12 kW, 05h00-22h00
66.47 Viesintos Lithuania 12 05h00-22h00
66.62 Budapest Hungary 100 24hrs
66.68 Valmiera Latvia 20 04h30-22h00
Antenna: crossed Yagi (x form), 4 elements, astronomical azimuth 270 deg
(= E), elevation 27 deg.
Antenna amplifier: 25 dB max level 90 dBmuV
Receiver: commercial, Progresson 447A, TESLA (Bratislava)
The receiver was calibrated with a Marconi TF2008 signal
generator. Sensitivity: 5 muV (modulation frequency
1000 Hz, frequency sweep 38 kHz) at (S+N)/N = 20 dB.
SWR of antenna alone at 66.5 MHz: 1.4/1 (good to very good),
measured with MFJ/259P SWR analyzer (HF-VHF 1.8 MHz to 170 MHz)
on Sep 28, 1998.
Observing method: automated setup, 150 samples/second, 8 bit resolution.
[Time and details of all individual meteor reflections are stored
on file in the University of Ghent format (Prometeos), and are
available for further analysis. Reduction software for DOS and
Windows available].
November 1999
Raw counts of reflections with a duration of at least 0.027 s
during one hour interval starting at UT:
Nov | UT
1999 | 21h 22 23 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07
------+------------------------------------------------------
1- 2 | 52 104 141 90 116 98 119 156 174 221 146
2- 3 | 76 85 94 110 83 118 155 161 161 149 129
3- 4 | 47 114 89 100 93 127 163 161 134 173 145
4- 5 | 63 127 94 ? 109 156 139 166 129 ? 140
5- 6 | 33 52 63 84 70 ? 108 134 177 214 144
6- 7 | 47 95 80 88 105 112 132 185 200 173 156
7- 8 | 71 80 83 79 89 128 210 152 198 174 118
8- 9 | 47 71 89 92 97 101 132 137 159 180 111
9-10 | 56 82 84 139 124 120 123 170 177 177 136
10-11 | 45 81 75 89 88 93 151 177 146 182 94
11-12 | 94 81 109 97 94 102 133 170 117 229 182
12-13 | 96 ? ? ? 93 116 139 195 ? 130 137
13-14 | 44 63 98 93 100 98 103 173 154 151 166
14-15 | ? ? 84 73 96 100 105 148 172 163 132
15-16 | 47 82 83 112 104 135 141 246 195 167 201
16-17 | 75 102 89 95 115 111 171 165 217 236 129
17-18 | 63 95 107 320 942 1318 814 707 446 293 327
18-19 | 40 72 106 126 136 160 135 196 170 197 131
19-20 | 37 53 67 150 94 138 117 191 156 214 144
20-21 | 44 51 95 72 98 99 161 137 169 164 179
21-22 | 50 151 77 106 106 116 178 170 145 153 112
22-23 | 61 85 116 78 85 140 155 167 173 187 102
23-24 | 75 99 113 122 122 104 137 160 127 121 148
24-25 | ? 102 131 104 82 88 182 157 126 117 95
25-26 |
26-27 | 51 90 95 104 89 90 125 152 106 120 128
27-28 | 70 95 95 102 132 162 142 153 142 161 166
28-29 | 109 106 ? 121 105 141 114 122 137 55
29-30 | 69 89 110 105 141 98 158 154 150 136 118
30-01 | 65 99 82 102 116 147 149 169 137 139 124
------+------------------------------------------------------
1999 | 21h 22 23 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07
Nov | UT
Nov | UT
1999 | 08h 09 10 11 12 13
------+-----------------------------
16-17 | 164 105 149 103 77
17-18 | 285 295 121 81 87 64
Raw counts of reflections with a duration of at least 1.000 s
during one hour interval starting at UT:
Nov | UT
1999 | 21h 22 23 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07
------+-------------------------------------------------------
1- 2 | 13* 18 26 13 12 10 13 15 43* 67* 44*
2- 3 | 8 14 16 14 13 14 19 17 22 18 25
3- 4 | 4 13 12 15 14 12 17 19 21 29 15
4- 5 | 10 22 16 ? 21 40* 14 21 21 ? ?
5- 6 | 9* 8 11 15 7 ? 17 9 24 47* 22
6- 7 | 7 6 8 10 12 16 19 25 22 28 25
7- 8 | 14 13 15 17* 10 21 34 11 36 34 19
8- 9 | 6 13 9 12 10 10 22 19 7 27 18
9-10 | 5 12 19* 25 26 12 10 17 24 22 19
10-11 | 3 11 13 12 6 9 20 15 24 23 19*
11-12 | 21* 13 19 19 11 7 22 29 19 50* 37*
12-13 | 18 ? ? ? 14 19 19 35 ? 21 25
13-14 | 4 7 16 21* 14 7 7 26 21 21 31
14-15 | ? ? 16 4 4 9 9 13 28 33* 31*
15-16 | 7 10 9 16 12 17 12 57* 35 26 65*
16-17 | 9 7 4 8 16 13 30 30 37 50* 38*
17-18 | 8 10 17 102 262* 448* 216* 189* 114* 47 79*
18-19 | 2 15* 15 25 22 24 13 40* 26 36 12
19-20 | 4 2 8 29 16 18 6 21 10 40 17
20-21 | 4 8 8 12 12 11 28 18 22 20 48*
21-22 | 8 ? 9 13 13 21 18 27 23 22 18
22-23 | 4 13 20 11 10 18 12 22 29 33 22*
23-24 | 12 14 19 19 13 7 14 21 23 25* 28
24-25 | ? 13 25 18 10 8 30 13 11 12 15
25-26 |
26-27 | 5 17 16 14 6 5 13 23 7 23 12
27-28 | 13 17 17 11 17 15 20 12 13 56* 45*
28-29 | 32* 29* ? 40* 13 17 16 21 30* 7
29-30 | 10 6 14 12 23 12 20 23 27 19 27*
30-01 | 21* 17 11 10 12 21 16 11 13 14 30*
------+-------------------------------------------------------
1999 | 21h 22 23 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07
Nov | UT
Nov | UT
1999 | 08h 09 10 11 12 13
------+-----------------------------
16-17 | 42* 18 99* 21* 10
17-18 | 127* 63* 31* 9 15 9
Notes:
. ? probably affected by sporadic-E, tropo, direct reception.
. * warning for relative high number of long duration reflections,
an indication for potential stream activity.
. local time = UT + 1 hour)
Maurice De Meyere
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Location: Astronomical Observatory, University of Ghent, Belgium
(ED50 coordinates: 3 42' 32" E, 51 01' 25" N)
Antenna (2x): 4 elements horizontal Yagi, pointed East, elevation= 20 deg
Antenna amplifier: 10 dB gain
narrow band resonance lambda/4 antenna filter
Frequency: (1)=66.29 MHz (signal) and (2)=65.3 MHz (interference control)
Receiver (2x): modified commercial FM receiver
Data acquisition: 12 bits PC-based A/D convertor, 250 Hz sampling rate
Interference rejection:
dual setup: receiver (1) tuned at distant transmitter, receiver (2)
tuned at empty frequency. Anti-coincidence measurement rejects
registration of broadbanded spurious signals (lightning, computers,
ignition motors, etc).
Further information:
see WWW page (additional info + observational data)
http://allserv.rug.acdot be/~hdejongh/astro/meteor/meteor.html
Data format:
results are shown as total reflection time, expressed as
a percentage. The actual number shows 10 times this value.
When no figure is shown, the equipment was either out of service,
or results could have been affected by interference, sporadic-E.
-------------------------------------------------------------
| Nov 1999 | 10x % reflec. time | horiz: day | vert: time UT|
----------------------------------------------------------------
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
---+------------------------------------------------------------
0 | 36 56 43 67 47 59 60 64 38 53 50 47 24 34 32
1 | 57 58 45 46 59 52 66 63 39 58 52 63 33 46 54
2 | 56 57 73 64 91 50 54 66 48 71 65 62 53 47 44
3 | 100 89 68 75 74 85 90 68 87 73 121 91 79 77 52
4 | 105 108 111 123 135 104 115 145 95 103 95 116 112 82 70
5 | 101 106 137 56 88 110 97 139 71 75 65 92 101 105 76
6 | 49 120 70 101 43 104 91 116 79 135 105 87 63 68 78
7 | 80 73 66 64 47 89 87 62 81 71 58 88 70 68 46
8 | 67 97 50 42 65 37 88 70 42 72 65 65 67 52
9 | 46 39 34 52 73 44 46 81 45 38 57 28 48 35
10 | 43 62 47 44 76 20 55 36 37 98 68 36 45 64
11 | 57 38 46 31 57 25 53 41 32 63 49 44 19 34 43
12 | 55 51 32 32 27 15 49 42 23 48 49 32 22 29 42
13 | 43 46 39 49 19 58 22 28 15 49 32 30 26 14 38
14 | 50 13 21 24 24 52 22 25 24 35 37 25 23 14 34
15 | 28 23 25 40 38 25 24 20 20 28 24 39 26 16 29
16 | 19 16 33 32 16 34 18 22 16 36 80 31 25 18 28
17 | 54 32 29 15 34 37 31 23 31 29 33 26 25 39 23
18 | 26 28 34 36 33 38 36 36 43 33 43 36 24 28 27
19 | 38 27 35 33 34 48 52 51 33 43 29 39 40 31 46
20 | 37 36 43 36 53 48 68 46 23 48 48 44 43 37 41
21 | 53 57 63 43 81 58 103 59 22 58 86 53 46 32 53
22 | 57 53 53 51 52 74 80 69 58 67 60 53 51 45 38
23 | 59 37 35 67 42 49 60 47 38 64 50 42 46 56 41
---+------------------------------------------------------------
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
-------------------------------------------------------------
| Nov 1999 | 10x % reflec. time | horiz: day | vert: time UT|
----------------------------------------------------------------
| 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
---+------------------------------------------------------------
0 | 34 38 184 37 67 46 12 28 45 23 37 39 45 18 39
1 | 46 73 551 59 58 43 27 50 53 31 35 44 53 50 42
2 | 61 79 792 51 53 42 34 52 52 47 58 56 65 57 50
3 | 98 129 575 58 29 50 47 44 74 50 55 60 44 65 78
4 | 171 87 568 98 102 54 80 61 60 57 57 67 89 87 110
5 | 88 170 317 80 66 64 58 74 65 57 50 62 85 54 128
6 | 75 155 311 132 118 75 56 104 121 57 58 107 68 74 78
7 | 80 49 238 110 71 41 34 49 28 79 55 75 104 30 58
8 | 16 125 225 56 53 40 19 39 103 78 47 69 45 20 59
9 | 20 54 154 49 73 47 25 31 33 75 42 101 55 42 45
10 | 33 129 81 90 65 37 36 36 56 36 29 75 45 57 63
11 | 23 59 108 41 75 62 39 25 25 38 29 86 33 54 137
12 | 14 19 34 22 61 23 11 17 40 38 20 36 52 35 44
13 | 31 19 18 26 43 21 7 23 48 23 8 40 40 15 21
14 | 30 12 9 23 21 18 7 13 9 23 17 35 23 12 9
15 | 18 31 9 18 15 12 32 35 45 21 15 31 29 27 18
16 | 30 13 9 15 17 8 10 35 20 22 12 27 22 14 8
17 | 32 31 12 23 15 9 15 19 18 19 19 33 26 15 24
18 | 44 28 9 27 35 15 22 26 19 35 22 34 33 25 25
19 | 41 29 21 33 28 21 29 16 28 45 27 46 33 24 45
20 | 45 39 15 38 32 35 34 33 31 33 35 50 23 34 64
21 | 45 41 17 28 32 39 44 32 28 53 49 49 35 54 66
22 | 39 58 28 22 31 38 26 44 35 71 57 56 33 69 65
23 | 27 66 69 36 48 21 29 53 25 25 52 37 32 53 47
---+------------------------------------------------------------
| 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
Notes:
. quiet end of the month.
. the setup was less saturated than last year at the Leonids maximum.
. care should be taken about interpreting the Leonid activity of Nov 18.
Certain stations do not broadcast during early morning hours, as can be
found from the figures when no streams are active.
Pierre De Groote
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Observer: Werfried Kuneth
Location: Ferndorf, Austria (13 37' E, 46 45' N)
Antenna: 2 element Yagi, direction southeast, no elevation at 1 m height.
Receiver: IC-706 at 53.76065 MHz, CW-R mode, 500 Hz CW filter, fast AGC.
Transmitters: 1) 30 kW TV video carrier from Bari, Italy, distance 700 km,
direction south and 2) a 30 kW TV video carrier from Sicilia,
Italy, distance 900 km, south. The total echo power of both
transmitters is processed into same 40 Hz virtual
receiver channel.
Observing method: automatic setup using FFTDSP42t software by AF9Y to record
the audio signal. 20 channels of 2 Hz width are used for meteor
identification, with manual interference rejection.
Sampling interval: one 4096 point FFT every 0.5 seconds.
The monthly results showing the total reflective time are now also
available at http://www.qsldot net/oe8fnk this includes now also Es, FAI
and radio fireball statistics, and the original leonids 1999 peak recordings.
The meteor counts below are corrected for a full hour observing time. If
the recording duration is 20-40 minutes, a dot is shown after the value, to
show the reduced accuracy. Results for less than 20 min. observing time are
excluded.
Counts of reflections longer than 6.5 seconds, assumed
to be overdense.
| Nov 1999
UT| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
---+------------------------------------------------------------------------
0| 2 5 4 5 7 4 6 4 3 5 4 2 3 5 1 3 2 10
1| 4 4 5 6 6 0 3 5 3 5 6 5 2 5 5 3 3 54
2| 2 4 8 6 7 4 10 5 6 6 6 5 2 5 6 4 14 60
3| 6 11 8 12 1 7 3 6 8 9 6 3 2 2 5 4 14 35
4| 5 8 6 6 6 0 4 3 6 5 7 4 1 1 2 10 3 16
5| 8 4 10 2 1 4 7 6 7 8 5 2 3 4 1 3 5 13
6| 5 4 3 3 3 5 5 6 6 7 2 3 5 2 3 7 10
7| 2 6 4 2 5 5 4 3 4 4 6 3 3 5 7 6 7 16
8| 1 5 4 3 13 10 4 3 2 4 2 4 3 4 3 3 5 11
9| 5 0 11. 6 8 1 3 2 10 3 7 5 2 4 7 8 12 8
10| 9 2 2 4 6 4 5 3 6 6 4 4 1 6 8 1 6 4
11| 3 4 4 3 1 7 4 5 2 0 6 4 2 5 5 4 2. 4
12| 3 1 4 4 3 4 1 3 1 4 1 2 4 4 2 2 3 3
13| 2 2 1 2 4 2 2 2 0 6 0 2 0 1 6 2 4 8
14| 3 1 6 3 3 0 1 4 3 3 0 3 0 1 2 2 2 2
15| 1 4 1 4 1 2 2 2 2 1 1 2 1 1 2 2 3 1
16| 2 0 2 0 1 1 0 1 1 2 1 3. 2 1 0 1 0 2
17| 3 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 3 2. 1 2 1 1 4. 2 1
18| 0 2 0 1 0 3 4 1 5 1 0 1 1 1 0
19| 1 0 1 2 4 2 1 2 3 2 1 0 2 0 3 3 0
20| 1 3 0 3 1 6 2 4 3 1 1 2 1 1 1 3 2
21| 3 0 3 2 1 3 3 2 4 2 1 2 2 2 1 2 1
22| 0 0 2 0 0 2 3 1 2 2 0 0 1 2 1 0 0
23| 4 4 1 0 1 0 3 0 4 0 2 1 2 1 3 2 8
---+------------------------------------------------------------------------
UT| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
| Nov 1999
| Nov 1999
UT| 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
---+------------------------------------------------
0| 3 2 3 2 1 7 3 5 5
1| 2 3 7 3 8 3 5 3 8
2| 0 7 6 4 4 3 8 4 6
3| 5 7 3 2 5 2 7 6 6
4| 3 5 9 1 5 0 5 2 3
5| 1 2 5 4 0 4 6 0 4
6| 11 4 3 7 4 8 5 3 1
7| 10 4 3 3 6 1 7 6 1
8| 15. 2 3 5 7 2 2 1 6 4
9| 2 6 1 4 5 2 8 3
10| 2 5 4 5 3 4 5 3 2 5
11| 6 5 2 6 10 4 8. 3 0 6
12| 3 4 2 3 3 4 3 3
13| 2 4 2 3 2. 2 0 3 1 6
14| 1 3 0 4 3. 0 6 3 1 1
15| 4 1 3 1 3 2 3 1 1
16| 3 1 0 1 1 2 0 1 0 2
17| 3 0 2 1 0 2 0 0 0 1
18| 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 2
19| 0 0 1 1 1 1 2 0 1 1
20| 3 4 1 4 0 1 2 2 6 1
21| 2 3 0 3 1 2 4 2 0 2
22| 3 1 3 2 1 3 2 1 2 2
23| 0 0 6 2 0 1 2 2 2 1
---+------------------------------------------------
UT| 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
| Nov 1999
Duration distribution of the Leonids 1999 peak:
|fireballs > 13 s > 6.5 s > 3.5 s > 0.5 s
UT | 17 18 Nov 17 18 Nov 17 18 Nov 17 18 Nov 17 18 Nov
----+----------- ---------- ---------- ---------- -----------
0 | 0 1 1 5 2 10 10 17 252 294
1 | 0 10 1 29 3 54 9 77 181 398
2 | 1 9 9 37 14 60 24 97 168 397
3 | 1 4 2 20 14 35 33 51 220 349
4 | 0 3 0 11 3 16 10 31 231 270
5 | 1 1 3 6 5 13 17 29 256 250
6 | 0 1 1 5 7 10 10 21 255 272
7 | 0 4 1 10 7 16 12 31 226 250
8 | 0 1 2 4 5 11 12 18 225 232
9 | 1 1 6 4 12 8 32 16 248 269
10 | 0 0 2 2 6 4 12 12 166 200
11 | 0. 0 0. 0 2. 4 5. 8 183.143
12 | 0 0 2 1 3 3 6 10 143 136
13 | 0 0 1 1 4 8 8 9 114 108
14 | 0 0 0 0 2 2 6 2 96 89
15 | 0 0 0 1 3 1 6 4 80 83
16 | 0 0 0 1 0 2 3 6 79 79
17 | 0 0 0 0 2 1 6 5 99 76
18 | 0 0 0 4 107
19 | 0 0 0 5 171
20 | 0 0 2 11 189
21 | 0 0 1 5 176
22 | 0 0 0 2 181
23 | 0 1 8 15 199
----+----------- ---------- ---------- ---------- -----------
UT | 17 18 Nov 17 18 Nov 17 18 Nov 17 18 Nov 17 18 Nov
Notes:
. the Leonids showed up as a true peak this year.
Good (useable) radio reflections for only 2 hours, with
the ionisation level much lower than 1998, when the show
lasted for more than 8 (!!) hours. No sporadic-E was observed
during the shower.
. local time conversion: 1 hour ahead of UT, 6 h local = 5 h UT.
Werfried Kuneth
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Observer: R.B. Minton
Location: Raton, NM (104 26' W, 36 54' N, 2000 m above sea level)
Frequency: 92.9 MHz
Transmitters: KTZA FM 100 kW, Artesia NM, dist 444 km, geogr azim 178 deg
KSPZ FM 53 kW, Color. Springs, dist 217 km, geogr azim 352 deg
KYBR FM ? kW, Espanola NM, dist 180 km, geogr azim 236 deg
???? FM ? kW, Juarez Mexico, dist 579 km, geogr azim 198 deg
KWFM FM 90 kW, Tucson AZ, dist 798 km, geogr azim 233 deg
Antenna: folded dipole, on 6.3 m high mast, oriented N-S
Receiver: Subaru 12 V DC car radio with digital tuning
Observing method: conditioned audio input in the game port of an IBM 386 SX-50
PC, 128 samples/second, DOS/Basic software, automatic
Total hourly counts
October 1999
Oct| UT
1999| 0h 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23
----+------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | 16 16 20 16 16 16 13 15 7 11 15 15 16 15 17 35 31 19 24 19 20 27 30 23
2 | 19 20 13 21 23 20 13 10 12 5 15 19 14 17 18 26 20 24 18 20 15 14 24 16
3 | 15 15 13 10 8 12 16 13 6 8 7 11 11 22 18 33 30 27 22 27 18 18 23 20
4 | 12 17 9 16 19 11 11 15 7 2 11 13 18 10 25 38 23 35 17 25 18 13 26 14
5 | 14 28 14 16 16 13 10 11 3 16 6 17 17 18 19 25 27 18 18 19 18 10 25 15
6 | 18 19 15 18 27 15 13 16 12 15 13 18 17 10 25 44 42 23 17 17 13 13 22 16
7 | 19 18 13 21 26 13 15 9 10 21 10 18 15 11 16 42 21 19 26 23 21 18 20 13
8 | 24 10 20 15 11 7 7 8 14 17 15 14 16 7 15 33 21 26 11 12 11 16 41 19
9 | 12 16 16 24 18 11 12 7 11 10 15 8 10 9 9 38 31 16 14 17 11 9 15 17
10 | 8 12 10 17 13 7 11 12 10 9 5 9 14 11 14 26 31 23 22 20 21 19 17 18
11 | 24 22 14 14 10 11 16 11 10 8 9 3 13 10 15 26 21 12 11 20 13 19 28 14
12 | 15 16 14 22 27 15 10 7 12 21 11 10 17 16 16 30 29 32 17 18 10 15 20 11
13 | 27 22 11 19 27 17 13 15 11 17 15 7 13 16 14 35 42 22 22 12 7 18 27 15
14 | 15 17 12 22 26 15 9 17 8 12 22 15 22 9 13 24 24 25 9 17 14 11 22 15
15 | 19 17 9 20 26 15 15 12 9 21 15 10 16 13 13 33 31 20 10 13 8 9 14 13
16 | 11 14 22 27 25 24 13 9 9 15 21 7 16 8 16 28 28 32 14 13 11 13 12 15
17 | 24 11 13 15 17 10 16 11 8 8 13 12 14 10 15 19 25 18 11 27 12 23 20 18
18 | 16 14 12 11 13 5 12 12 13 10 9 7 13 12 16 23 24 19 14 10 16 13 9 9
19 | 10 9 14 14 3 0 3 3 14 8 17 15 11 10 10 13 30 17 12 19 14 18 20 16
20 | 20 14 18 18 19 9 6 19 10 20 17 6 20 20 17 30 27 22 11 11 10 12 25 11
21 | 7 12 12 23 21 16 28 20 10 27 14 10 16 17 19 34 32 11 16 13 19 10 15 15
22 | 15 15 15 18 15 13 11 17 10 17 14 12 17 15 24 24 18 19 10 15 12 20 18 16
23 | 12 26 12 12 17 16 13 19 16 21 19 13 19 21 18 33 16 30 12 16 23 17 23 14
24 | 16 19 11 21 13 12 21 14 9 13 11 14 9 24 13 32 23 30 18 18 17 18 20 19
25 | 17 15 20 13 13 13 12 18 23 9 12 15 12 12 18 26 25 26 25 17 19 12 33 13
26 | 12 10 7 30 29 18 11 14 20 13 20 15 16 14 23 32 34 17 18 14 12 21 21 18
27 | 16 10 10 26 21 9 10 15 9 16 10 11 14 10 19 36 32 25 13 19 18 18 25 22
28 | 14 17 11 25 15 15 12 17 13 19 13 12 15 17 19 30 17 21 18 18 14 11 25 23
29 | 22 15 9 22 20 13 22 14 7 19 16 24 11 10 14 29 30 29 19 29 62?47?43?13
30 | 9 12 15 25 18 14 18 14 11 7 11 15 11 18 17 46 28 30 28 14 16 18 28 19
31 | 19 22 27 21 13 14 12 11 19 13 15 17 13 21 11 20 29 30 27 16 29 18 19 24
----+------------------------------------------------------------------------
1999| 0h 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23
Oct| UT
Signal duration distribution for the above period
Duration (s) Number
< 0.1 3622
0.1 to 0.3 2962
0.3 to 1 2151
1 to 3 1940
3 to 10 1520
10 to 30 406
> 30 13
Note:
. lightning noise on October 7 and October 22 approx. 22h UT
R.B. Minton
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Observer: Ingo Reimann
Location: Luebeck, Germany (10 51'01" E, 53 57'21" N, 13 m above sea level)
Frequency: 88.40 MHz (three or more stations)
Antenna: 6 element Yagi, geographical azimuth 340 deg, elevation 53 deg
Transmitters: Leipzig, 100 kW, 88.40MHz
Muenchen, 25 kW, 88.40MHz
Pfaffenburg, 25 kW, 88.40MHz
Gravenhagen, 5 kW, 88.40MHz
Bremen, 100 kW, 88.30MHz
Roebel, 10 kW, 88.50MHz
Goettingen, 5 kW, 88.50MHz
Receiver: Technics ST-Z55 with SU-V505
Observing method: listening (tape-recordings)
Leonids 1999
Raw counts of reflections during one hour interval starting at:
Nov | UT
1999 | 00h 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10
------+-------------------------------------------------------
17 | 2 3 2 2 3 3 0 1 5 2 4
18 | 6 39* 60* 8 2 4 3 3 1 2 -
Details of *:
Raw counts of reflections during 10 minutes interval starting at:
| Number of Equivalent Number
UT | Meteors per Hour
--------+--------------------------------
01h00m | 4 24
01h10m | 1 06
01h20m | 4 24
01h30m | 9 54
01h40m | 7 42
01h50m | 14 84
02h00m | 19 114
02h10m | 12 72
02h20m | 11 66
02h30m | 9 54
02h40m | 6 36
02h50m | 3 18
Ingo Reimann / via Jeroen Van Wassenhove
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Observer: Ton Schoenmaker
Location: San Nicolas, La Palma, Canary Islands (17 52' W, 28 35' N)
Frequency: 48.242 MHz (TV video signal)
Transmitter: Muro, Portugal; distance 1580 km
Antenna: dipole, geographical azimuth 45 degrees (NE)
Receiver: Yupiteru MVT-9000
Observing: listening and counting 1000 Hz pings and bursts with receiver
in USB mode
To observe the predicted shower of the Leonids visually, I decided to travel
to La Palma, as weather conditions are usually not good in The Netherlands
during the Leonids. To be able to do also some monitoring of forward scatter,
I carried with me a Yupiteru scanner and a simple dipole. After some
experimenting, I found out that I could hear pings from an E-2 (48.242 MHz)
TV transmitter, very probably located in Muro, Portugal. During the week
from 8 to 13 November I determined the sporadic level to be about 25 loud
pings and bursts per hour at 0h UT. The number of reflections rose slowly
to a maximum of about 45 per hour at 6h UT, and reached a minimum of about 5
per hour at 18h UT.
Unfortunately the weather turned out not to be as good as usual. During the
nights of 16-17 and 17-18 November there was wind and rain. This gave me time
to listen to the radio and monitor the Leonid activity. Only loud pings and
bursts were counted. Especially during the maximum on 17-18 November around
2h UT there were numerous loud bursts beginning with a large Doppler shift and
a few seconds duration. The radiant at that time was at azimuth 73 degrees,
nearly in the direction of the transmitter, so the meteors came head-on in my
direction. This effect and the 71 km/s velocity of the Leonids probably
caused the large Doppler shift. This geometry is not favourable for specular
reflections of underdense meteors, but as I only counted strong overdense
signals, the observability is hardly relevant. The table below gives the
number of counts per observation period as well as converted to the Radio
Hourly Rate (RHR). By subtracting the average level of sporadics, this total
RHR is corrected to the Leonid RHR. My Leonid observations of 1998 showed,
that the effect of radiant elevation could be corrected pretty well by
1/(sin(elevation)). After applying this correction the final column gives the
Leonid Zenith Radio Hourly Rate (ZRHR) and its mean error. Of course the ZRHR
is no absolute number, but after normalizing it may be compared to the visual
ZHR.
I have to confess that I felt rather frustrated knowing that the Leonids were
very active, but not to be able to see them because of the clouds.
After 3h30m UT the clouds disappeared and at that time I still observed
about 2 meteors per minute.
Overview of forward scatter observations:
16-17 November 1999 loud total spor. Leo radiant Leo
UT Teff refl. RHR RHR RHR elev. ZRHR
00h52m - 01h12m 20m 12 36 30 6 4 -
02h24m - 02h39m 15m 11 44 38 6 22 16 +/- 5
03h45m - 04h00m 15m 15 60 43 17 40 26 +/- 7
05h16m - 05h31m 15m 15 60 45 15 59 18 +/- 5
09h45m - 10h01m 10m 3 18 20 -2 58 -
11h53m - 12h08m 15m 3 12 10 2 30 -
17-18 November 1999 loud total spor. Leo radiant Leo
UT Teff refl. RHR RHR RHR elev. ZRHR
00h18m - 00h33m 15m 10 40 28 12 -4 -
01h19m - 01h33m 14m 9 39 33 6 9 -
01h39m - 01h49m 6m 8 80 35 45 13 200 +/- 70
01h50m - 01h57m 7m 19 163 36 127 15 491 +/- 113
02h00m - 02h10m 8m 50 375 37 338 17 1156 +/- 163
02h10m - 02h20m 6m 20 200 37 163 19 501 +/- 112
02h20m - 02h31m 10m 22 132 38 94 21 262 +/- 56
02h46m - 02h56m 9m 20 133 40 93 27 205 +/- 46
04h45m - 04h55m 8m 9 68 44 24 53 30 +/- 10
06h00m - 06h15m 15m 20 80 45 35 70 37 +/- 8
12h39m - 12h54m 15m 6 24 10 14 19 43 +/- 18
Ton Schoenmaker
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Observer: Szabolcs Kiss
Location: Tapioszecso, Hungary
Frequency: 91.8 MHz
Antenna: dipole, oriented NE-SW, elev 0 deg
Receiver: commercial, Fisher PH-W804
Observing method: AGC signal sampling, 1000 samples/second in average,
8 bit resolution. Automated sampling and data storing
but half manually counting.
Meteor counts in one hour intervals
Nov | UT
1999 | 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23
-----+------------------------------------------------------------------------
9 | 18 10 8 14 15 13 25 19 27 27 39
10 | 50 37 35 36 31 25 23 12 13 15 13 13 20 21 25 16 32 27
11 | 28 29 29 23 25 30 27 40 27 29 22 26 12 29 15 8 8 10 9 17 19 17 29 38
12 | 28 30 29 33 53 33 28 37 39 30 31 28
15 | 26 19 14 12 15 13 19 32 24 31 19 25
16 | 31 33 32 33 41 38 35 19 12 16 21 19 7 11 22 21 23 19 20
17 | 28 30 47 51 37 65 60 59 55 46 37 31 20 18 14 15 14 25 39 32 23 20 29 41
18 |107450634201119127136105109 82 69 36 34 12 8 8 23 19 21 25 25 21 37 32
19 | 47 42 51 59 57 59 63 60 52 37 30 28 15 21 17 9 10 14 16 14 15 10 17 14
20 | 34 42 41 42 35 39 32 46 39 36 15 20
Details of Leonid burst
Meteor counts in five minutes intervals
17-18 Nov 1999
UT | minutes | hourly
hour | 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 | total
------+-------------------------------------+-------
23 | 3 3 4 4 0 3 6 4 3 5 5 1 | 41
0 | 5 5 9 9 14 9 7 12 9 10 9 9 | 107
1 | 17 7 10 28 33 28 35 36 49 59 61 87 | 450
2 | 91 96 78 75 55 44 62 36 27 26 27 17 | 634
3 | 18 25 18 14 15 17 16 18 14 9 22 15 | 201
4 | 14 5 7 11 12 14 13 4 7 4 17 11 | 119
5 | 14 15 13 6 7 15 14 11 4 11 12 5 | 127
6 | 6 16 15 17 13 13 10 10 7 7 9 13 | 136
7 | 9 8 6 8 10 10 4 11 11 8 13 7 | 105
8 | 6 8 6 9 9 10 14 7 8 8 7 15 | 109
9 | 12 6 7 3 4 11 6 5 11 6 6 5 | 82
10 | 7 4 6 4 7 7 1 6 7 8 7 5 | 69
Notes:
. Detection system is under testing.
. Linearid burst not detected.
Szabolcs Kiss
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Observer: Garfield Tsao (BM2EQB)
Location: LonTan Observatory
LonTan, TauYan, Taiwan R.O.C. (121 14'37" E, 24 52'54" N by GPS)
Frequency: 50.0169 MHz USB mode 3 kHz width.
Antenna: Comet made 50MHz Yagi HB 4 element (gain 10.3 dBi)
astronomical azimuth 225 deg (=NE), elevation 7 deg.
Transmitter: MIYAZAKI University Japan, USB mode, 50 W (24 hours),
distance about 1125 km from Lon Tan.
Receiver: Icon PCR-1000 computer controlled all band receiver
Sensitivity: 0.25 uV for 10 dB S/N for USB mode
Observing method: the beacon 860-890 Hz voice signal (by FFTDSP) is
received by a low frequency filter (850 Hz)and fed into
the D/A converter and computer in real time.
Data sampling system: using an 8 bits A/D card to PC/AT and Qbasic program
with 1/8 second sampling interval to store the> 1.0 s reflections.
November 1999: Leonids
1999|00h01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23LT
Nov|16h17 18 19 20 21 22 23 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15UT
----+-------------------------------------------------------------------------
16 | - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 11
17 |20 19 14 5 21 32 37 28 34 30 26 31 13 8 15 9 9 10 11 5 9 11 9 7
18 | 6 17 9 9 14 30 45 47 56119 112 36 - - - - - - - - - - - -
Notes:
. "E" mark= E layer propagation and E layer sporadic of reflection.
. Nov 17, 9h LT interference by background noise
. long and strong echoes:
Nov 17 11 h 06 m 10 s LT echo > 20 dB
11 h 29 m 10 s LT echo > 25 dB
Nov 18 05 h 40 m 40 s LT echo > 20 dB
06 h 42 m 00 s LT echo dur > 60 s
07 h 08 m 00 s LT echo dur > 120 s
08 h 47 m 40 s LT echo > 20 dB
09 h 44 m 30 s LT echo > 20 dB
10 h 19 m 40 s LT echo dur > 60 s
11 h 13 m 10 s LT echo dur > 240 s
Garfield Tsao
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Observer: Ilkka Yrjola
Location: Finland (26 35' E, 60 54' N)
Frequency: 88.8 MHz ?
Receiver: Salora SRP-22 modified, narrow band FM (B=15 kHz)?
detected signal level >-122 dBm.
FM detection, no pulse noise rejection required.
Antenna: 2-el. Yagi, G=4 dBd to SW, azimuth 45 deg (SW), polarisation H.
Data sampling system: threshold triggering, sampling rate 32 ms.
Computer logs total hourly elapsed reflection time, number of
triggers for the hour, the longest time the signal was
continuously above detection level for the hour.
Data on major showers available in the Compact MS-Soft format.
Software for viewing available from
www.saunalahti.fi/~oh5iy/radio50.zip (754 K).
Leonids 1999
Meteor counts in one hour intervals starting at:
UT | 16 Nov 17 Nov 18 Nov
----+-------------------------
0h | 203 255 959
1 | 154 256 1890
2 | 229 324 1949
3 | 215 277 1537
4 | 319 306 1183
5 | 296 306 660
6 | 284 480 643
7 | 275 312 685
8 | 224 310 421
9 | 264 405 497
10 | 264 382 400
11 | 323 244 414
12 | 321 293
13 | 294 200
14 | 178 175
15 | 192 179
16 | 184 195
17 | 277 234
18 | 211 178 209
19 | 241 415 285
20 | 208 400 308
21 | 243 489 253
22 | 261 254 248
23 | 239 497 341
----+-------------------------
UT | 16 Nov 17 Nov 18 Nov
. Aurora on Nov 16.
Ilkka Yrjola
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Observer: W.T. Zanstra
Location: Appingedam, Netherlands (6 51' E, 53 19' N)
Frequency: 72.110 MHz
Transmitter: Wroclaw, Poland (16 degr 43' E, 50 degr 52' N), distance 735 km
Antenna: 5 elements Yagi, elevation 12 degr, azimuth 110 degr (ESE)
Receiver: Bearcat UBC 177 XLT scanner, sensitivity 0.3 microVolt
Observing method: listening by headphone
Leonids
16 November 1999
| n | sporadics |Fobs|refl
UT | weak moderate strong > 5 s | weak moderate strong > 5 s |(%) |time
------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
21-22 | 13 13 1 1 | 14 9 2 0 | 0 | 11
22-23 | 7 6 1 0 | 16 10 2 0 | 18 | 0
23-24 | 19 10 1 0 | 17 10 2 0 | 36 | 2
17 November 1999
n | sporadics |Fobs|refl
UT | weak moderate strong > 5 s | weak moderate strong > 5 s |(%) |time
------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
08-09 | 10 13 4 3 | 18 11 2 0 | 85 | 24
09-10 | 18 18 2 4 | 17 10 2 0 | 68 | 29
10-11 | 14 6 1 1 | 15 9 2 0 | 42 | 14
11-12 | 11 8 1 0 | 14 8 2 0 | 13 | 5
12-13 | 11 16 1 0 | 12 8 2 0 | 5 | 5
13-14 | 7 10 1 0 | 10 6 1 0 | 5 | 0
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
21-22 | 12 17 0 0 | 14 9 2 0 | 5 | 7
22-23 | 11 8 1 1 | 16 10 2 0 | 19 | 40
23-24 | 16 10 2 2 | 17 10 2 0 | 37 | 55
18 November 1999
n | sporadics |Fobs|refl
UT | weak moderate strong > 5 s | weak moderate strong > 5 s |(%) |time
------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
00-01 | 8 20 3 5 | 18 11 2 0 | 44 | 195
01-02 | 22 48 8 18 | 20 12 2 0 | 29 | 399
02-03 | 27 57 8 29 | 20 12 2 0 | 0 | 915
03-04 | 1 33 5 11 | 21 13 2 1 | 14 | 366
04-05 | 14 40 5 23 | 21 13 2 1 | 48 | 897
05-06 | 15 21 6 9 | 21 13 2 0 | 84 | 196
06-07 | 22 30 2 3 | 20 12 2 0 | 94 | 99
07-08 | 20 11 3 4 | 19 12 2 0 | 93 | 118
08-09 | 18 20 4 3 | 18 11 2 0 | 85 | 74
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
12-13 | 29 21 4 0 | 12 8 2 0 | 7 | 15
13-14 | 14 13 2 1 | 10 6 1 0 | 7 | 11
The numbers (n) are hourly rates, corrected for reflection time and breaks,
and include sporadic meteors.
The reflection time is measured in seconds and corrected in the same way.
The sporadics were observed during several years since 1995.
The levels are adapted to recent counts of sporadic meteors.
Fobs is the Hines' observability function.
Leonid activity was dominated by the moderate and long reflections.
More counts were done on November 17 from 00-08h UT and recorded
on a video tape that still has to be worked out.
Wim Zanstra
2. ABOUT THE RMOB
The RMOB is an independent initiative of some workers in the field of radio
meteor scatter observations and data reduction. It started in August 1993 in
order to spread rapidly the Perseid results via E-mail. Since then, it has
appeared monthly, and it has gradually been expanded. In regularly publishing
summaries of observations, potential radio observers are kept up to date of
existing installations, possibilities and limitations of radio meteor
observations. In the long run, there should be sufficient observing stations
to cover the whole globe, allowing to detect stream outbursts which may
remain unnoticed visually.
RMOB contains typically: summaries of recent observations, equipment data,
first results of stream activity by radio methods, relations between radio
and optical meteors, references to other publications in the field of meteor
astronomy and radio scatter techniques, announcements of meetings, short
questions and answers, non-commercial (second hand) sale of radio equipment,
available software.
Contributors are mentioned, and interested persons are asked to contact them
directly.
RMOB can be copied freely in unabridged and unmodified form. Extracts should
indicate the source (Radio Meteor Obs Bulletin, month and year).
If you want to subscribe (or un-subscribe) to the E-mail distribution list,
please send a message to C. Steyaert.
Those not having access to E-mail can obtain a printed copy free of charge
from J. Van Wassenhove (current or back-issues).
3. ANNOUNCEMENT: METEOR software
To all users of METEOR software: two Bugs are detected in METEOR v 2.05 and
METEOR v 3.0. Please go to the web page below for more informations and new
download :
http://members.tripod.com/~astro_electronic/index.html
Sincerely,
Pierre TERRIER
4. CONTRIBUTORS / USEFUL ADDRESSES
Enric Fraile Algeciras (EA3BTZ)
C/ Moianes 19-21 Esc. A 6º 1ª, E Barcelona
E-mail: EA3BTZ@mx3.redestb.es
http://www.redestb.es/personal/ea3btz (in Spanish)
Michael Boschat
6306 Cork St., Apt.512, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
E-mail: andromed@atm.daldot ca
Maurice De Meyere (ON4NU)
Hullekensstraat 24, B-9831 Deurle, Belgium
tel: +32 (9) 282 35 26
E-mail: mauricedot demeyere@planetinternetdot be
University of Ghent, Astronomical Observatory
Krijgslaan 281(S9), B-9000 Gent, Belgium
E-mail contact: Paul@izar.rug.acdot be, Pierredot deGroote@rug.acdot be
Werfried Kuneth
Ferndorf, Austria
E-mail: kuneth@net4youdot net
http://www.qsldot net/oe8fnk
Alastair McBeath
IMO: International Meteor Organization
12A Prior's Walk, Morpeth, Northumberland, NE61 2RF, England, U.K.
E-mail: vice_president@imodot net
R.B. Minton
Astrometric Observatory
568 North First Street, Raton, NM 87740, USA
tel: +001 (505) 445 7009
Ingo Reimann
Roennauer Ring 38, D-23570 Luebeck, Germany
Ton Schoenmaker (PA0EFA), Dutch Meteor Society
Meester Homanstraat 8, NL-9301 HP Roden, Netherlands
E-mail: schoenmaker@NFRAdot nl
Chris Steyaert, VVS
Kruisven 66, B-2400 Mol, Belgium
tel: +32 (14) 31 51 04
E-mail: steyaert@vvsdot be
Compuserve: 72650,3513
Szabolcs Kiss
Katai ut 99, H-2251 Tapioszecso, Hungary
tel: +36 (29) 446 015
E-mail: achilles@freemail.c3.hu
Garfield Tsao (BM2EQB)
LonTan Observatory, LonTan, TauYan, Taiwan
E-mail: tsao5916@ms17.hinetdot net
http://www.geocities.com/Eureka/Office/1528 (in Chinese)
Jeroen Van Wassenhove, VVS
's Gravenstraat 66, B-9810 Nazareth, Belgium
tel: +32 (9) 385 61 09
E-mail: 100101.734@compuserve.com
Ilkka Yrjola
Jukolantie 16, FIN-45740 Kuusankoski, Finland
E-mail home: oh5iy@sci.fi
http://www.sci.fi/~oh5iy/
Call: OH5IY, packet radio: OH5IY@OH5RBG.#KVL.FIN.EU
W.T. Zanstra
Spijkerlaan 13, NL-9903 BB Appingedam, Netherlands
tel: +31(0)596 625617
E-mail: wimzanstra@freemaildot nl
--
Christian Steyaert (RMOB9911) 7 December 1999
--
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